{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1948-04-20:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1948-04-20","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1948-04-20","date_display":"April 20, 1948 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1948,"month":4,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2432661.770833,"kali_year":5050,"ahargana":1844196.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":6.9676,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":141.9556,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":12,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":134.9879,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.9879},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":141.9556,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.6222},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":148.9232},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":22,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1948,"month":4,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2432661.770833,"ahargana":1844196.2708,"kali_year":5050,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.1308,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":6.739788999999973,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":139.85798899999998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.0317},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":118.243289,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":357.301089,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":247.17028900000003,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":53.070888999999966,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":112.92348900000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":25.6067,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":205.6067,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1948,"month":4,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2432661.770833,"kali_year":5050,"ahargana":1844196.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":6.9676,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":141.9556,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":12,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":134.9879,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.9879},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":141.9556,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.6222},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":148.9232},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":22,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.032,"elongation":134.988},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.032,"opposition_distance":45.012}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":19,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.068,"elongation":1.587}]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:15","sunsetLocal":"18:50","solarNoonLocal":"12:32","dayLengthHours":12.582194599622207,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 34 Mins 56 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 25 Mins 04 Secs","moonriseLocal":"15:14","moonsetLocal":"03:35","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:41","end":"17:15","startHours":15.679865925478202,"endHours":17.25264025043098,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:23","end":"10:58","startHours":9.388768625667097,"endHours":10.961542950619874,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:32","end":"14:06","startHours":12.53431727557265,"endHours":14.107091600525425,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:11","end":"09:36","startHours":9.179065382340061,"endHours":9.598471868994135,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:46","end":"07:06","startHours":6.767478084079138,"endHours":7.103003273402397,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:07","end":"12:57","startHours":12.114910788918577,"endHours":12.953723762226725,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:34","end":"05:24","startHours":4.5655940291452515,"endHours":5.404407002453399,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:12","end":"06:15","startHours":5.194703759126362,"endHours":6.243219975761546,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:38","end":"15:28","startHours":14.631349708843018,"endHours":15.470162682151166,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:38","end":"19:02","startHours":18.625414575383754,"endHours":19.025414575383753,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:50","end":"19:21","startHours":18.825414575383753,"endHours":19.349672683701346,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:35","end":"20:20","startHours":18.575414575383753,"endHours":20.325414575383753,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:07","end":"00:57","startHours":24.11491078891858,"endHours":24.953723762226723,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"06:15","end":"07:49","startHours":6.243219975761546,"endHours":7.815994300714322,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:49","end":"09:23","startHours":7.815994300714322,"endHours":9.388768625667097,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:23","end":"10:58","startHours":9.388768625667097,"endHours":10.961542950619874,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:58","end":"12:32","startHours":10.961542950619874,"endHours":12.53431727557265,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:32","end":"14:06","startHours":12.53431727557265,"endHours":14.107091600525425,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:06","end":"15:41","startHours":14.107091600525425,"endHours":15.679865925478202,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:41","end":"17:15","startHours":15.679865925478202,"endHours":17.25264025043098,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"17:15","end":"18:50","startHours":17.25264025043098,"endHours":18.825414575383753,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:50","end":"20:15","startHours":18.825414575383753,"endHours":20.25264025043098,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:15","end":"21:41","startHours":20.25264025043098,"endHours":21.6798659254782,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:41","end":"23:06","startHours":21.6798659254782,"endHours":23.107091600525425,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:06","end":"00:32","startHours":23.107091600525425,"endHours":24.53431727557265,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:32","end":"01:58","startHours":24.53431727557265,"endHours":25.961542950619872,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:58","end":"03:23","startHours":25.961542950619872,"endHours":27.388768625667097,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:23","end":"04:49","startHours":27.388768625667097,"endHours":28.815994300714323,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:49","end":"06:15","startHours":28.815994300714323,"endHours":30.243219975761548,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:15","end":"07:15","startHours":6.243219975761546,"endHours":7.243219975761546,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:15","end":"08:15","startHours":7.243219975761546,"endHours":8.243219975761546,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:15","end":"09:15","startHours":8.243219975761546,"endHours":9.243219975761546,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:15","end":"10:15","startHours":9.243219975761546,"endHours":10.243219975761546,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:15","end":"11:15","startHours":10.243219975761546,"endHours":11.243219975761546,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:15","end":"12:15","startHours":11.243219975761546,"endHours":12.243219975761546,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:15","end":"13:15","startHours":12.243219975761546,"endHours":13.243219975761546,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:15","end":"14:15","startHours":13.243219975761546,"endHours":14.243219975761546,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:15","end":"15:15","startHours":14.243219975761546,"endHours":15.243219975761546,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:15","end":"16:15","startHours":15.243219975761546,"endHours":16.243219975761548,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:15","end":"17:15","startHours":16.243219975761548,"endHours":17.243219975761548,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:15","end":"18:15","startHours":17.243219975761548,"endHours":18.243219975761548,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:15","end":"19:15","startHours":18.243219975761548,"endHours":19.243219975761548,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:15","end":"20:15","startHours":19.243219975761548,"endHours":20.243219975761548,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:15","end":"21:15","startHours":20.243219975761548,"endHours":21.243219975761548,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:15","end":"22:15","startHours":21.243219975761548,"endHours":22.243219975761548,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:15","end":"23:15","startHours":22.243219975761548,"endHours":23.243219975761548,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:15","end":"00:15","startHours":23.243219975761548,"endHours":24.243219975761548,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:15","end":"01:15","startHours":24.243219975761548,"endHours":25.243219975761548,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:15","end":"02:15","startHours":25.243219975761548,"endHours":26.243219975761548,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:15","end":"03:15","startHours":26.243219975761548,"endHours":27.243219975761548,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:15","end":"04:15","startHours":27.243219975761548,"endHours":28.243219975761548,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:15","end":"05:15","startHours":28.243219975761548,"endHours":29.243219975761548,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:15","end":"06:15","startHours":29.243219975761548,"endHours":30.243219975761548,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Siddhi","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":11.425157547095054,"eotMinutes":0.9677634656409275,"ayanamsa":23.1308}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2005,"vikram_samvatsara":"Plava","saka_samvat":1870,"saka_samvatsara":"Sarvadhāri","bengali_samvat":1355,"malayalam_era":1124,"nanakshahi_year":479,"lunar_month":"Caitra","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Caitra Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_amanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Caitra Śukla Dvādaśī · Vikram 2005 Plava · Śaka 1870 Sarvadhāri"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 20, 1948 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 20, 1948 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Dvādaśī, sūryodaya 06:15, sūryāsta 18:50.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1948-04-20","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1948-04-20","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1948-04-20","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1948-04-20","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1948-04-20"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T08:22:03.651Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T08:22:03.651Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-01T08:22:03.651Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}