{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1941-12-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1941-12-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1941-12-28","date_display":"December 28, 1941 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1941,"month":12,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2430356.770833,"kali_year":5043,"ahargana":1841891.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":252.7504,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":9.1642,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":10,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Daśamī","elongation_degrees":116.4138,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.4138},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":9.1642,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.1642},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":261.9146},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":19,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1941,"month":12,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2430356.770833,"ahargana":1841891.2708,"kali_year":5043,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.0426,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":252.879956,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":11.532556,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.9758},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":0.882156000000009,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":257.20585600000004,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":51.422256000000004,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":294.322756,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":29.594356000000005,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":147.7367,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":327.7367,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1941,"month":12,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2430356.770833,"kali_year":5043,"ahargana":1841891.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":252.7504,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":9.1642,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":10,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Daśamī","elongation_degrees":116.4138,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.4138},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":9.1642,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.1642},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":261.9146},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":19,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.976,"elongation":116.414},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.976,"opposition_distance":63.586}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"07:01","sunsetLocal":"18:09","solarNoonLocal":"12:35","dayLengthHours":11.136853269059607,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 08 Mins 13 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 51 Mins 47 Secs","moonriseLocal":"14:11","moonsetLocal":"02:48","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:45","end":"18:09","startHours":16.758218383635477,"endHours":18.150325042267927,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:35","end":"13:58","startHours":12.581898407738123,"endHours":13.974005066370575,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:22","end":"16:45","startHours":15.366111725003027,"endHours":16.758218383635477,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:37","end":"09:59","startHours":9.612070869322228,"endHours":9.983299311624215,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:29","end":"07:46","startHours":7.477507326085804,"endHours":7.774490079927394,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:13","end":"12:57","startHours":12.210669965436136,"endHours":12.95312685004011,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:32","end":"06:16","startHours":5.528558004000373,"endHours":6.271014888604347,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:05","end":"07:01","startHours":6.085400667453353,"endHours":7.0134717732083205,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:26","end":"15:11","startHours":14.438040619248058,"endHours":15.180497503852031,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:57","end":"18:21","startHours":17.950325042267927,"endHours":18.350325042267926,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:09","end":"18:37","startHours":18.150325042267927,"endHours":18.61436059514541,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:54","end":"19:39","startHours":17.900325042267927,"endHours":19.650325042267927,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:13","end":"00:57","startHours":24.210669965436136,"endHours":24.95312685004011,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:01","end":"08:24","startHours":7.0134717732083205,"endHours":8.405578431840771,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:24","end":"09:48","startHours":8.405578431840771,"endHours":9.797685090473223,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:48","end":"11:11","startHours":9.797685090473223,"endHours":11.189791749105673,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:11","end":"12:35","startHours":11.189791749105673,"endHours":12.581898407738123,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:35","end":"13:58","startHours":12.581898407738123,"endHours":13.974005066370575,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:58","end":"15:22","startHours":13.974005066370575,"endHours":15.366111725003027,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:22","end":"16:45","startHours":15.366111725003027,"endHours":16.758218383635477,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:45","end":"18:09","startHours":16.758218383635477,"endHours":18.150325042267927,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:09","end":"19:45","startHours":18.150325042267927,"endHours":19.758218383635477,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:45","end":"21:22","startHours":19.758218383635477,"endHours":21.366111725003023,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:22","end":"22:58","startHours":21.366111725003023,"endHours":22.974005066370573,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:58","end":"00:35","startHours":22.974005066370573,"endHours":24.581898407738123,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:35","end":"02:11","startHours":24.581898407738123,"endHours":26.189791749105673,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:11","end":"03:48","startHours":26.189791749105673,"endHours":27.797685090473223,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:48","end":"05:24","startHours":27.797685090473223,"endHours":29.40557843184077,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:24","end":"07:01","startHours":29.40557843184077,"endHours":31.01347177320832,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:01","end":"08:01","startHours":7.0134717732083205,"endHours":8.01347177320832,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:01","end":"09:01","startHours":8.01347177320832,"endHours":9.01347177320832,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:01","end":"10:01","startHours":9.01347177320832,"endHours":10.01347177320832,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:01","end":"11:01","startHours":10.01347177320832,"endHours":11.01347177320832,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:01","end":"12:01","startHours":11.01347177320832,"endHours":12.01347177320832,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:01","end":"13:01","startHours":12.01347177320832,"endHours":13.01347177320832,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:01","end":"14:01","startHours":13.01347177320832,"endHours":14.01347177320832,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:01","end":"15:01","startHours":14.01347177320832,"endHours":15.01347177320832,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:01","end":"16:01","startHours":15.01347177320832,"endHours":16.01347177320832,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:01","end":"17:01","startHours":16.01347177320832,"endHours":17.01347177320832,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:01","end":"18:01","startHours":17.01347177320832,"endHours":18.01347177320832,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:01","end":"19:01","startHours":18.01347177320832,"endHours":19.01347177320832,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:01","end":"20:01","startHours":19.01347177320832,"endHours":20.01347177320832,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:01","end":"21:01","startHours":20.01347177320832,"endHours":21.01347177320832,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:01","end":"22:01","startHours":21.01347177320832,"endHours":22.01347177320832,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:01","end":"23:01","startHours":22.01347177320832,"endHours":23.01347177320832,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:01","end":"00:01","startHours":23.01347177320832,"endHours":24.01347177320832,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:01","end":"01:01","startHours":24.01347177320832,"endHours":25.01347177320832,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:01","end":"02:01","startHours":25.01347177320832,"endHours":26.01347177320832,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:01","end":"03:01","startHours":26.01347177320832,"endHours":27.01347177320832,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:01","end":"04:01","startHours":27.01347177320832,"endHours":28.01347177320832,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:01","end":"05:01","startHours":28.01347177320832,"endHours":29.01347177320832,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:01","end":"06:01","startHours":29.01347177320832,"endHours":30.01347177320832,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:01","end":"07:01","startHours":30.01347177320832,"endHours":31.01347177320832,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Ānanda","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-23.303990806383567,"eotMinutes":-1.8871044642874448,"ayanamsa":23.0426}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1998,"vikram_samvatsara":"Jaya","saka_samvat":1863,"saka_samvatsara":"Vṛṣa","bengali_samvat":1348,"malayalam_era":1117,"nanakshahi_year":472,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Daśamī · Vikram 1998 Jaya · Śaka 1863 Vṛṣa"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3101-02-18","event":"Kali Yuga Epoch","chart_id":"kali-yuga-epoch","shared_marker":"same Aśvinī","url":"/day/-3101-02-18","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 28, 1941 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 28, 1941 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Daśamī, sūryodaya 07:01, sūryāsta 18:09.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1941-12-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1941-12-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1941-12-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1941-12-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1941-12-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T00:42:03.914Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T00:42:03.914Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T00:42:03.914Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}