{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1940-04-23:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1940-04-23","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1940-04-23","date_display":"April 23, 1940 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1940,"month":4,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2429742.770833,"kali_year":5042,"ahargana":1841277.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":9.9484,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":202.2595,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":17,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":192.3111,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.3111},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":202.2595,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.2595},"yoga":{"number":16,"name":"Siddhi","sum_longitude":212.2079},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":32,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1940,"month":4,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2429742.770833,"ahargana":1841277.2708,"kali_year":5042,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.0191,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":9.714416000000028,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":201.51771599999995,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":1.6835},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":51.810316,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":345.308016,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":2.1915159999999787,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":56.11771599999997,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":11.53661599999998,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":180.2693,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":0.2693,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1940,"month":4,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2429742.770833,"kali_year":5042,"ahargana":1841277.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":9.9484,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":202.2595,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":17,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":192.3111,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.3111},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":202.2595,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.2595},"yoga":{"number":16,"name":"Siddhi","sum_longitude":212.2079},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":32,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.684,"elongation":167.689},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.684,"opposition_distance":12.311}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-15,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.229,"elongation":2.815},{"offset_days":-1,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.602,"opposition_distance":0.966}]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:13","sunsetLocal":"18:50","solarNoonLocal":"12:31","dayLengthHours":12.624321255812497,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 37 Mins 28 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 22 Mins 32 Secs","moonriseLocal":"19:36","moonsetLocal":"07:01","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:41","end":"17:15","startHours":15.679817168209548,"endHours":17.25785732518611,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:22","end":"10:57","startHours":9.3676565403033,"endHours":10.94569669727986,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:31","end":"14:06","startHours":12.523736854256423,"endHours":14.101777011232986,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:09","end":"09:35","startHours":9.157251186039758,"endHours":9.57806189456684,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:44","end":"07:04","startHours":6.737589612009029,"endHours":7.074238178830695,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:06","end":"12:57","startHours":12.10292614572934,"endHours":12.944547562783507,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:32","end":"05:22","startHours":4.5283333922418425,"endHours":5.369954809296009,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:10","end":"06:13","startHours":5.159549455032467,"endHours":6.211576226350175,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:38","end":"15:28","startHours":14.62779039689184,"endHours":15.469411813946007,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:38","end":"19:02","startHours":18.635897482162672,"endHours":19.03589748216267,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:50","end":"19:22","startHours":18.83589748216267,"endHours":19.361910867821525,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:35","end":"20:20","startHours":18.58589748216267,"endHours":20.33589748216267,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:06","end":"00:57","startHours":24.10292614572934,"endHours":24.944547562783505,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"06:13","end":"07:47","startHours":6.211576226350175,"endHours":7.789616383326737,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:47","end":"09:22","startHours":7.789616383326737,"endHours":9.3676565403033,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:22","end":"10:57","startHours":9.3676565403033,"endHours":10.94569669727986,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:57","end":"12:31","startHours":10.94569669727986,"endHours":12.523736854256423,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:31","end":"14:06","startHours":12.523736854256423,"endHours":14.101777011232986,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:06","end":"15:41","startHours":14.101777011232986,"endHours":15.679817168209548,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:41","end":"17:15","startHours":15.679817168209548,"endHours":17.25785732518611,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"17:15","end":"18:50","startHours":17.25785732518611,"endHours":18.83589748216267,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:50","end":"20:15","startHours":18.83589748216267,"endHours":20.25785732518611,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:15","end":"21:41","startHours":20.25785732518611,"endHours":21.679817168209546,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:41","end":"23:06","startHours":21.679817168209546,"endHours":23.101777011232986,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:06","end":"00:31","startHours":23.101777011232986,"endHours":24.523736854256423,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:31","end":"01:57","startHours":24.523736854256423,"endHours":25.94569669727986,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:57","end":"03:22","startHours":25.94569669727986,"endHours":27.3676565403033,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:22","end":"04:47","startHours":27.3676565403033,"endHours":28.789616383326738,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:47","end":"06:13","startHours":28.789616383326738,"endHours":30.211576226350175,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:13","end":"07:13","startHours":6.211576226350175,"endHours":7.211576226350175,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:13","end":"08:13","startHours":7.211576226350175,"endHours":8.211576226350175,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:13","end":"09:13","startHours":8.211576226350175,"endHours":9.211576226350175,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:13","end":"10:13","startHours":9.211576226350175,"endHours":10.211576226350175,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:13","end":"11:13","startHours":10.211576226350175,"endHours":11.211576226350175,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:13","end":"12:13","startHours":11.211576226350175,"endHours":12.211576226350175,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:13","end":"13:13","startHours":12.211576226350175,"endHours":13.211576226350175,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:13","end":"14:13","startHours":13.211576226350175,"endHours":14.211576226350175,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:13","end":"15:13","startHours":14.211576226350175,"endHours":15.211576226350175,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:13","end":"16:13","startHours":15.211576226350175,"endHours":16.211576226350175,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:13","end":"17:13","startHours":16.211576226350175,"endHours":17.211576226350175,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:13","end":"18:13","startHours":17.211576226350175,"endHours":18.211576226350175,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:13","end":"19:13","startHours":18.211576226350175,"endHours":19.211576226350175,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:13","end":"20:13","startHours":19.211576226350175,"endHours":20.211576226350175,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:13","end":"21:13","startHours":20.211576226350175,"endHours":21.211576226350175,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:13","end":"22:13","startHours":21.211576226350175,"endHours":22.211576226350175,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:13","end":"23:13","startHours":22.211576226350175,"endHours":23.211576226350175,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:13","end":"00:13","startHours":23.211576226350175,"endHours":24.211576226350175,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:13","end":"01:13","startHours":24.211576226350175,"endHours":25.211576226350175,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:13","end":"02:13","startHours":25.211576226350175,"endHours":26.211576226350175,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:13","end":"03:13","startHours":26.211576226350175,"endHours":27.211576226350175,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:13","end":"04:13","startHours":27.211576226350175,"endHours":28.211576226350175,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:13","end":"05:13","startHours":28.211576226350175,"endHours":29.211576226350175,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:13","end":"06:13","startHours":29.211576226350175,"endHours":30.211576226350175,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mātaṇga","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":12.419449914973917,"eotMinutes":1.6025887446145586,"ayanamsa":23.0191}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1997,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vijaya","saka_samvat":1862,"saka_samvatsara":"Vikrama","bengali_samvat":1347,"malayalam_era":1116,"nanakshahi_year":471,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_amanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā · Vikram 1997 Vijaya · Śaka 1862 Vikrama"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-0562-04-11","event":"Bhagavān Buddha's birth at Lumbinī","chart_id":"buddha","shared_marker":"same Viśākhā","url":"/day/-0562-04-11","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 23, 1940 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 23, 1940 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 06:13, sūryāsta 18:50.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1940-04-23","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1940-04-23","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1940-04-23","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1940-04-23","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1940-04-23"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T18:27:11.143Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T18:27:11.143Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T18:27:11.143Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}