{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1940-03-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1940-03-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1940-03-31","date_display":"March 31, 1940 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1940,"month":3,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2429719.770833,"kali_year":5041,"ahargana":1841254.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":347.467,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":258.6701,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":23,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":271.2031,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.2031},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":258.6701,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.3368},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":246.1372},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":45,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1940,"month":3,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2429719.770833,"ahargana":1841254.2708,"kali_year":5041,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.0183,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":347.160695,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":261.423495,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.3876},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":36.643894999999986,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":324.90749500000004,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":356.652495,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":32.838795000000005,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":8.64629500000001,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":181.488,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":1.488,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1940,"month":3,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2429719.770833,"kali_year":5041,"ahargana":1841254.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":347.467,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":258.6701,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":23,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":271.2031,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.2031},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":258.6701,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.3368},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":246.1372},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":45,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.388,"elongation":88.797},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.388,"opposition_distance":91.203}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":8,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.229,"elongation":2.815}]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:29","sunsetLocal":"18:46","solarNoonLocal":"12:38","dayLengthHours":12.277853688863217,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 16 Mins 40 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 43 Mins 20 Secs","moonriseLocal":"01:21","moonsetLocal":"12:29","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:14","end":"18:46","startHours":17.232336823591815,"endHours":18.767068534699717,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:38","end":"14:10","startHours":12.628141690268109,"endHours":14.162873401376011,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:42","end":"17:14","startHours":15.697605112483913,"endHours":17.232336823591815,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:21","end":"09:46","startHours":9.354047373237917,"endHours":9.76330916286669,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:00","end":"07:20","startHours":7.000792082872467,"endHours":7.328201514575486,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:13","end":"13:02","startHours":12.218879900639335,"endHours":13.037403479896883,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:51","end":"05:40","startHours":4.852167687321403,"endHours":5.6706912665789515,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:28","end":"06:29","startHours":5.466060371764565,"endHours":6.489214845836499,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:40","end":"15:30","startHours":14.674450638411976,"endHours":15.492974217669524,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:34","end":"18:58","startHours":18.567068534699718,"endHours":18.967068534699717,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:46","end":"19:17","startHours":18.767068534699717,"endHours":19.278645771735686,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:31","end":"20:16","startHours":18.517068534699717,"endHours":20.267068534699717,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:13","end":"01:02","startHours":24.218879900639333,"endHours":25.037403479896884,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:29","end":"08:01","startHours":6.489214845836499,"endHours":8.023946556944402,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:01","end":"09:34","startHours":8.023946556944402,"endHours":9.558678268052304,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:34","end":"11:06","startHours":9.558678268052304,"endHours":11.093409979160207,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:06","end":"12:38","startHours":11.093409979160207,"endHours":12.628141690268109,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:38","end":"14:10","startHours":12.628141690268109,"endHours":14.162873401376011,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:10","end":"15:42","startHours":14.162873401376011,"endHours":15.697605112483913,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:42","end":"17:14","startHours":15.697605112483913,"endHours":17.232336823591815,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:14","end":"18:46","startHours":17.232336823591815,"endHours":18.767068534699717,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:46","end":"20:14","startHours":18.767068534699717,"endHours":20.232336823591815,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:14","end":"21:42","startHours":20.232336823591815,"endHours":21.697605112483913,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:42","end":"23:10","startHours":21.697605112483913,"endHours":23.16287340137601,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:10","end":"00:38","startHours":23.16287340137601,"endHours":24.62814169026811,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:38","end":"02:06","startHours":24.62814169026811,"endHours":26.093409979160207,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:06","end":"03:34","startHours":26.093409979160207,"endHours":27.558678268052304,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:34","end":"05:01","startHours":27.558678268052304,"endHours":29.023946556944402,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:01","end":"06:29","startHours":29.023946556944402,"endHours":30.4892148458365,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:29","end":"07:29","startHours":6.489214845836499,"endHours":7.489214845836499,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:29","end":"08:29","startHours":7.489214845836499,"endHours":8.4892148458365,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:29","end":"09:29","startHours":8.4892148458365,"endHours":9.4892148458365,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:29","end":"10:29","startHours":9.4892148458365,"endHours":10.4892148458365,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:29","end":"11:29","startHours":10.4892148458365,"endHours":11.4892148458365,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:29","end":"12:29","startHours":11.4892148458365,"endHours":12.4892148458365,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:29","end":"13:29","startHours":12.4892148458365,"endHours":13.4892148458365,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:29","end":"14:29","startHours":13.4892148458365,"endHours":14.4892148458365,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:29","end":"15:29","startHours":14.4892148458365,"endHours":15.4892148458365,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:29","end":"16:29","startHours":15.4892148458365,"endHours":16.4892148458365,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:29","end":"17:29","startHours":16.4892148458365,"endHours":17.4892148458365,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:29","end":"18:29","startHours":17.4892148458365,"endHours":18.4892148458365,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:29","end":"19:29","startHours":18.4892148458365,"endHours":19.4892148458365,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:29","end":"20:29","startHours":19.4892148458365,"endHours":20.4892148458365,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:29","end":"21:29","startHours":20.4892148458365,"endHours":21.4892148458365,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:29","end":"22:29","startHours":21.4892148458365,"endHours":22.4892148458365,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:29","end":"23:29","startHours":22.4892148458365,"endHours":23.4892148458365,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:29","end":"00:29","startHours":23.4892148458365,"endHours":24.4892148458365,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:29","end":"01:29","startHours":24.4892148458365,"endHours":25.4892148458365,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:29","end":"02:29","startHours":25.4892148458365,"endHours":26.4892148458365,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:29","end":"03:29","startHours":26.4892148458365,"endHours":27.4892148458365,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:29","end":"04:29","startHours":27.4892148458365,"endHours":28.4892148458365,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:29","end":"05:29","startHours":28.4892148458365,"endHours":29.4892148458365,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:29","end":"06:29","startHours":29.4892148458365,"endHours":30.4892148458365,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Śubha","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":4.030577283876859,"eotMinutes":-4.661701416086492,"ayanamsa":23.0183}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1997,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vijaya","saka_samvat":1862,"saka_samvatsara":"Vikrama","bengali_samvat":1347,"malayalam_era":1116,"nanakshahi_year":471,"lunar_month":"Caitra","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Caitra Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_amanta":"Phālguna","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mīna (Paṅkuṇi)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Caitra Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī · Vikram 1997 Vijaya · Śaka 1862 Vikrama"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3226-07-09","event":"Bhagavān Krishna's birth at Mathurā","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","url":"/day/-3226-07-09","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 31, 1940 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 31, 1940 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī, sūryodaya 06:29, sūryāsta 18:46.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1940-03-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1940-03-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1940-03-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1940-03-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1940-03-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T11:06:53.333Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T11:06:53.333Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T11:06:53.333Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}