{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1939-12-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1939-12-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1939-12-31","date_display":"December 31, 1939 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1939,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2429628.770833,"kali_year":5041,"ahargana":1841163.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.3386,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":134.3329,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":238.9943,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.9943},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":134.3329,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.9995},"yoga":{"number":3,"name":"Āyuṣmān","sum_longitude":29.6714},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1939,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2429628.770833,"ahargana":1841163.2708,"kali_year":5041,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.0148,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.4403709999999,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":136.95187099999998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.5435},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":335.1163710000001,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":238.544171,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":338.711171,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":284.952271,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":1.8153710000000274,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":186.3096,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":6.3096,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1939,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2429628.770833,"kali_year":5041,"ahargana":1841163.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.3386,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":134.3329,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":238.9943,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.9943},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":134.3329,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.9995},"yoga":{"number":3,"name":"Āyuṣmān","sum_longitude":29.6714},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.544,"elongation":121.006},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.544,"opposition_distance":58.994}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"07:02","sunsetLocal":"18:11","solarNoonLocal":"12:36","dayLengthHours":11.143264662540787,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 08 Mins 36 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 51 Mins 24 Secs","moonriseLocal":"22:30","moonsetLocal":"10:54","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:47","end":"18:11","startHours":16.783441497182885,"endHours":18.176349580000483,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:36","end":"14:00","startHours":12.60471724873009,"endHours":13.997625331547688,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:23","end":"16:47","startHours":15.390533414365287,"endHours":16.783441497182885,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:38","end":"10:00","startHours":9.633180005385881,"endHours":10.004622160803907,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:30","end":"07:48","startHours":7.49738761173223,"endHours":7.794541336066651,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:14","end":"12:59","startHours":12.233275093312063,"endHours":12.976159404148117,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:33","end":"06:17","startHours":5.547316295787592,"endHours":6.290200606623645,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:06","end":"07:02","startHours":6.104479528914632,"endHours":7.033084917459697,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:28","end":"15:12","startHours":14.461928025820221,"endHours":15.204812336656273,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:59","end":"18:23","startHours":17.976349580000484,"endHours":18.376349580000483,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:11","end":"18:38","startHours":18.176349580000483,"endHours":18.640652274273016,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:56","end":"19:41","startHours":17.926349580000483,"endHours":19.676349580000483,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:14","end":"00:59","startHours":24.233275093312063,"endHours":24.976159404148117,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:02","end":"08:26","startHours":7.033084917459697,"endHours":8.425993000277295,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:26","end":"09:49","startHours":8.425993000277295,"endHours":9.818901083094893,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:49","end":"11:13","startHours":9.818901083094893,"endHours":11.211809165912491,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:13","end":"12:36","startHours":11.211809165912491,"endHours":12.60471724873009,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:36","end":"14:00","startHours":12.60471724873009,"endHours":13.997625331547688,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:00","end":"15:23","startHours":13.997625331547688,"endHours":15.390533414365287,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:23","end":"16:47","startHours":15.390533414365287,"endHours":16.783441497182885,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:47","end":"18:11","startHours":16.783441497182885,"endHours":18.176349580000483,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:11","end":"19:47","startHours":18.176349580000483,"endHours":19.783441497182885,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:47","end":"21:23","startHours":19.783441497182885,"endHours":21.390533414365287,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:23","end":"23:00","startHours":21.390533414365287,"endHours":22.997625331547688,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:00","end":"00:36","startHours":22.997625331547688,"endHours":24.60471724873009,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:36","end":"02:13","startHours":24.60471724873009,"endHours":26.21180916591249,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:13","end":"03:49","startHours":26.21180916591249,"endHours":27.818901083094893,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:49","end":"05:26","startHours":27.818901083094893,"endHours":29.425993000277295,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:26","end":"07:02","startHours":29.425993000277295,"endHours":31.033084917459696,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:02","end":"08:02","startHours":7.033084917459697,"endHours":8.033084917459696,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:02","end":"09:02","startHours":8.033084917459696,"endHours":9.033084917459696,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:02","end":"10:02","startHours":9.033084917459696,"endHours":10.033084917459696,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:02","end":"11:02","startHours":10.033084917459696,"endHours":11.033084917459696,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:02","end":"12:02","startHours":11.033084917459696,"endHours":12.033084917459696,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:02","end":"13:02","startHours":12.033084917459696,"endHours":13.033084917459696,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:02","end":"14:02","startHours":13.033084917459696,"endHours":14.033084917459696,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:02","end":"15:02","startHours":14.033084917459696,"endHours":15.033084917459696,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:02","end":"16:02","startHours":15.033084917459696,"endHours":16.033084917459696,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:02","end":"17:02","startHours":16.033084917459696,"endHours":17.033084917459696,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:02","end":"18:02","startHours":17.033084917459696,"endHours":18.033084917459696,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:02","end":"19:02","startHours":18.033084917459696,"endHours":19.033084917459696,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:02","end":"20:02","startHours":19.033084917459696,"endHours":20.033084917459696,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:02","end":"21:02","startHours":20.033084917459696,"endHours":21.033084917459696,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:02","end":"22:02","startHours":21.033084917459696,"endHours":22.033084917459696,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:02","end":"23:02","startHours":22.033084917459696,"endHours":23.033084917459696,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:02","end":"00:02","startHours":23.033084917459696,"endHours":24.033084917459696,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:02","end":"01:02","startHours":24.033084917459696,"endHours":25.033084917459696,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:02","end":"02:02","startHours":25.033084917459696,"endHours":26.033084917459696,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:02","end":"03:02","startHours":26.033084917459696,"endHours":27.033084917459696,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:02","end":"04:02","startHours":27.033084917459696,"endHours":28.033084917459696,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:02","end":"05:02","startHours":28.033084917459696,"endHours":29.033084917459696,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:02","end":"06:02","startHours":29.033084917459696,"endHours":30.033084917459696,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:02","end":"07:02","startHours":30.033084917459696,"endHours":31.033084917459696,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Chatra","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-23.16682112176294,"eotMinutes":-3.2562349238053434,"ayanamsa":23.0148}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1996,"vikram_samvatsara":"Nandana","saka_samvat":1861,"saka_samvatsara":"Pramāthi","bengali_samvat":1346,"malayalam_era":1115,"nanakshahi_year":470,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 1996 Nandana · Śaka 1861 Pramāthi"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 31, 1939 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 31, 1939 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 07:02, sūryāsta 18:11.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1939-12-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1939-12-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1939-12-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1939-12-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1939-12-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T20:56:44.310Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T20:56:44.310Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-01T20:56:44.310Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}