{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1938-12-23:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1938-12-23","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1938-12-23","date_display":"December 23, 1938 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1938,"month":12,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2429255.770833,"kali_year":5040,"ahargana":1840790.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":247.3815,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":263.8322,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":16.4507,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.4507},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":263.8322,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.4989},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":151.2137},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":2,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1938,"month":12,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2429255.770833,"ahargana":1840790.2708,"kali_year":5040,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.0005,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":247.54992300000004,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":261.60102299999994,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.805},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":194.75642300000004,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":231.368923,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":306.4501230000001,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":210.14532299999996,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":348.726823,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":206.0729,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":26.0729,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1938,"month":12,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2429255.770833,"kali_year":5040,"ahargana":1840790.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":247.3815,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":263.8322,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":16.4507,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.4507},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":263.8322,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.4989},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":151.2137},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":2,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.805,"elongation":16.451},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.805,"opposition_distance":163.549}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:59","sunsetLocal":"18:07","solarNoonLocal":"12:33","dayLengthHours":11.130700981234689,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 07 Mins 51 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 52 Mins 09 Secs","moonriseLocal":"07:55","moonsetLocal":"19:03","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"11:09","end":"12:33","startHours":11.15171751581721,"endHours":12.543055138471548,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"15:20","end":"16:43","startHours":15.32573038378022,"endHours":16.717068006434555,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"08:22","end":"09:46","startHours":8.36904227050854,"endHours":9.760379893162876,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:34","end":"09:57","startHours":9.574868210142299,"endHours":9.945891576183454,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:26","end":"07:44","startHours":7.441483855405648,"endHours":7.738302548238574,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:10","end":"12:55","startHours":12.172031772430392,"endHours":12.914078504512704,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:30","end":"06:14","startHours":5.493611183689578,"endHours":6.235657915771891,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:03","end":"06:59","startHours":6.050146232751312,"endHours":6.977704647854203,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:24","end":"15:08","startHours":14.39817196867733,"endHours":15.140218700759643,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:55","end":"18:19","startHours":17.908405629088893,"endHours":18.30840562908889,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:07","end":"18:34","startHours":18.108405629088892,"endHours":18.57218483664034,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:52","end":"19:37","startHours":17.858405629088892,"endHours":19.608405629088892,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:10","end":"00:55","startHours":24.17203177243039,"endHours":24.914078504512705,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"06:59","end":"08:22","startHours":6.977704647854203,"endHours":8.36904227050854,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"08:22","end":"09:46","startHours":8.36904227050854,"endHours":9.760379893162876,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"09:46","end":"11:09","startHours":9.760379893162876,"endHours":11.15171751581721,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"11:09","end":"12:33","startHours":11.15171751581721,"endHours":12.543055138471548,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:33","end":"13:56","startHours":12.543055138471548,"endHours":13.934392761125885,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:56","end":"15:20","startHours":13.934392761125885,"endHours":15.32573038378022,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:20","end":"16:43","startHours":15.32573038378022,"endHours":16.717068006434555,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"16:43","end":"18:07","startHours":16.717068006434555,"endHours":18.108405629088892,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"18:07","end":"19:43","startHours":18.108405629088892,"endHours":19.717068006434555,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"19:43","end":"21:20","startHours":19.717068006434555,"endHours":21.32573038378022,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:20","end":"22:56","startHours":21.32573038378022,"endHours":22.934392761125885,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:56","end":"00:33","startHours":22.934392761125885,"endHours":24.543055138471548,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:33","end":"02:09","startHours":24.543055138471548,"endHours":26.15171751581721,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"02:09","end":"03:46","startHours":26.15171751581721,"endHours":27.760379893162877,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:46","end":"05:22","startHours":27.760379893162877,"endHours":29.36904227050854,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"05:22","end":"06:59","startHours":29.36904227050854,"endHours":30.977704647854203,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:59","end":"07:59","startHours":6.977704647854203,"endHours":7.977704647854203,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:59","end":"08:59","startHours":7.977704647854203,"endHours":8.977704647854203,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:59","end":"09:59","startHours":8.977704647854203,"endHours":9.977704647854203,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:59","end":"10:59","startHours":9.977704647854203,"endHours":10.977704647854203,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:59","end":"11:59","startHours":10.977704647854203,"endHours":11.977704647854203,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:59","end":"12:59","startHours":11.977704647854203,"endHours":12.977704647854203,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:59","end":"13:59","startHours":12.977704647854203,"endHours":13.977704647854203,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:59","end":"14:59","startHours":13.977704647854203,"endHours":14.977704647854203,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:59","end":"15:59","startHours":14.977704647854203,"endHours":15.977704647854203,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:59","end":"16:59","startHours":15.977704647854203,"endHours":16.977704647854203,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:59","end":"17:59","startHours":16.977704647854203,"endHours":17.977704647854203,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:59","end":"18:59","startHours":17.977704647854203,"endHours":18.977704647854203,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:59","end":"19:59","startHours":18.977704647854203,"endHours":19.977704647854203,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:59","end":"20:59","startHours":19.977704647854203,"endHours":20.977704647854203,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:59","end":"21:59","startHours":20.977704647854203,"endHours":21.977704647854203,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:59","end":"22:59","startHours":21.977704647854203,"endHours":22.977704647854203,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:59","end":"23:59","startHours":22.977704647854203,"endHours":23.977704647854203,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:59","end":"00:59","startHours":23.977704647854203,"endHours":24.977704647854203,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:59","end":"01:59","startHours":24.977704647854203,"endHours":25.977704647854203,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:59","end":"02:59","startHours":25.977704647854203,"endHours":26.977704647854203,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:59","end":"03:59","startHours":26.977704647854203,"endHours":27.977704647854203,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:59","end":"04:59","startHours":27.977704647854203,"endHours":28.977704647854203,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:59","end":"05:59","startHours":28.977704647854203,"endHours":29.977704647854203,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:59","end":"06:59","startHours":29.977704647854203,"endHours":30.977704647854203,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Maitra","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-23.435353907741593,"eotMinutes":0.4434916917071845,"ayanamsa":23.0005}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1995,"vikram_samvatsara":"Khara","saka_samvat":1860,"saka_samvatsara":"Bahudhānya","bengali_samvat":1345,"malayalam_era":1114,"nanakshahi_year":469,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Dvitīyā · Vikram 1995 Khara · Śaka 1860 Bahudhānya"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 23, 1938 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 23, 1938 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 06:59, sūryāsta 18:07.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1938-12-23","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1938-12-23","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1938-12-23","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1938-12-23","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1938-12-23"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T10:05:32.440Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T10:05:32.440Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-01T10:05:32.440Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}