{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1938-07-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1938-07-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1938-07-31","date_display":"July 31, 1938 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1938,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2429110.770833,"kali_year":5040,"ahargana":1840645.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.7966,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":155.1511,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":51.3544,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.3544},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":155.1511,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.4844},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":258.9477},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":8,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1938,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2429110.770833,"ahargana":1840645.2708,"kali_year":5040,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.995,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":104.18096300000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":157.177363,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.8401},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":103.08846299999999,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":132.307863,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":307.589463,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":147.06566299999997,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":355.509663,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":213.7557,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":33.7557,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1938,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2429110.770833,"kali_year":5040,"ahargana":1840645.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.7966,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":155.1511,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":51.3544,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.3544},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":155.1511,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.4844},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":258.9477},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":8,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.84,"elongation":51.354},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.84,"opposition_distance":128.646}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:12","sunsetLocal":"19:06","solarNoonLocal":"12:39","dayLengthHours":12.890318215983788,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 53 Mins 25 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 06 Mins 35 Secs","moonriseLocal":"10:09","moonsetLocal":"22:13","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:29","end":"19:06","startHours":17.485505572866437,"endHours":19.096795349864408,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:39","end":"14:16","startHours":12.651636241872513,"endHours":14.262926018870488,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:52","end":"17:29","startHours":15.87421579586846,"endHours":17.485505572866437,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:13","end":"09:39","startHours":9.214218050943504,"endHours":9.64389532480963,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:45","end":"07:05","startHours":6.7435737262132776,"endHours":7.087315545306178,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:13","end":"13:05","startHours":12.221958968006387,"endHours":13.081313515738639,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:29","end":"05:21","startHours":4.487768038416115,"endHours":5.347122586148368,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:08","end":"06:12","startHours":5.132283949215305,"endHours":6.20647713388062,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:48","end":"15:40","startHours":14.800022611203145,"endHours":15.659377158935397,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:54","end":"19:18","startHours":18.89679534986441,"endHours":19.296795349864407,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:06","end":"19:38","startHours":19.096795349864408,"endHours":19.633891942197067,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:51","end":"20:36","startHours":18.846795349864408,"endHours":20.596795349864408,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:13","end":"01:05","startHours":24.221958968006387,"endHours":25.08131351573864,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:12","end":"07:49","startHours":6.20647713388062,"endHours":7.817766910878594,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:49","end":"09:26","startHours":7.817766910878594,"endHours":9.429056687876567,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:26","end":"11:02","startHours":9.429056687876567,"endHours":11.04034646487454,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:02","end":"12:39","startHours":11.04034646487454,"endHours":12.651636241872513,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:39","end":"14:16","startHours":12.651636241872513,"endHours":14.262926018870488,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:16","end":"15:52","startHours":14.262926018870488,"endHours":15.87421579586846,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:52","end":"17:29","startHours":15.87421579586846,"endHours":17.485505572866437,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:29","end":"19:06","startHours":17.485505572866437,"endHours":19.096795349864408,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:06","end":"20:29","startHours":19.096795349864408,"endHours":20.485505572866433,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:29","end":"21:52","startHours":20.485505572866433,"endHours":21.874215795868462,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:52","end":"23:16","startHours":21.874215795868462,"endHours":23.262926018870488,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:16","end":"00:39","startHours":23.262926018870488,"endHours":24.651636241872513,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:39","end":"02:02","startHours":24.651636241872513,"endHours":26.04034646487454,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:02","end":"03:26","startHours":26.04034646487454,"endHours":27.429056687876567,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:26","end":"04:49","startHours":27.429056687876567,"endHours":28.817766910878593,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:49","end":"06:12","startHours":28.817766910878593,"endHours":30.206477133880618,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:12","end":"07:12","startHours":6.20647713388062,"endHours":7.20647713388062,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:12","end":"08:12","startHours":7.20647713388062,"endHours":8.20647713388062,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:12","end":"09:12","startHours":8.20647713388062,"endHours":9.20647713388062,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:12","end":"10:12","startHours":9.20647713388062,"endHours":10.20647713388062,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:12","end":"11:12","startHours":10.20647713388062,"endHours":11.20647713388062,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:12","end":"12:12","startHours":11.20647713388062,"endHours":12.20647713388062,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:12","end":"13:12","startHours":12.20647713388062,"endHours":13.20647713388062,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:12","end":"14:12","startHours":13.20647713388062,"endHours":14.20647713388062,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:12","end":"15:12","startHours":14.20647713388062,"endHours":15.20647713388062,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:12","end":"16:12","startHours":15.20647713388062,"endHours":16.206477133880618,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:12","end":"17:12","startHours":16.206477133880618,"endHours":17.206477133880618,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:12","end":"18:12","startHours":17.206477133880618,"endHours":18.206477133880618,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:12","end":"19:12","startHours":18.206477133880618,"endHours":19.206477133880618,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:12","end":"20:12","startHours":19.206477133880618,"endHours":20.206477133880618,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:12","end":"21:12","startHours":20.206477133880618,"endHours":21.206477133880618,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:12","end":"22:12","startHours":21.206477133880618,"endHours":22.206477133880618,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:12","end":"23:12","startHours":22.206477133880618,"endHours":23.206477133880618,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:12","end":"00:12","startHours":23.206477133880618,"endHours":24.206477133880618,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:12","end":"01:12","startHours":24.206477133880618,"endHours":25.206477133880618,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:12","end":"02:12","startHours":25.206477133880618,"endHours":26.206477133880618,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:12","end":"03:12","startHours":26.206477133880618,"endHours":27.206477133880618,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:12","end":"04:12","startHours":27.206477133880618,"endHours":28.206477133880618,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:12","end":"05:12","startHours":28.206477133880618,"endHours":29.206477133880618,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:12","end":"06:12","startHours":29.206477133880618,"endHours":30.206477133880618,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"North-West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Maitra","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":18.47595551986526,"eotMinutes":-6.071374512350812,"ayanamsa":22.995}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1995,"vikram_samvatsara":"Khara","saka_samvat":1860,"saka_samvatsara":"Bahudhānya","bengali_samvat":1345,"malayalam_era":1114,"nanakshahi_year":469,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_amanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Pañcamī · Vikram 1995 Khara · Śaka 1860 Bahudhānya"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 31, 1938 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 31, 1938 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Pañcamī, sūryodaya 06:12, sūryāsta 19:06.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1938-07-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1938-07-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1938-07-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1938-07-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1938-07-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T00:37:57.733Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T00:37:57.733Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T00:37:57.733Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}