{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1937-12-05:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1937-12-05","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1937-12-05","date_display":"December 5, 1937 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1937,"month":12,"day":5,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2428872.770833,"kali_year":5039,"ahargana":1840407.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":229.1858,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":254.2075,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":3,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":25.0217,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.0217},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":254.2075,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.8742},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":123.3934},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":4,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1937,"month":12,"day":5,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2428872.770833,"ahargana":1840407.2708,"kali_year":5039,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.9859,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":229.50365599999998,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":251.88975600000003,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.0999},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":295.27555600000005,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":249.44795599999998,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":274.59755599999994,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":215.73755600000004,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":335.844256,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":226.3661,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":46.3661,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1937,"month":12,"day":5,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2428872.770833,"kali_year":5039,"ahargana":1840407.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":229.1858,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":254.2075,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":3,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":25.0217,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.0217},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":254.2075,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.8742},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":123.3934},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":4,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.1,"elongation":25.022},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.1,"opposition_distance":154.978}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-2,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.204,"elongation":1.927}]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:49","sunsetLocal":"18:00","solarNoonLocal":"12:24","dayLengthHours":11.183923675261676,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 11 Mins 02 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 48 Mins 58 Secs","moonriseLocal":"08:21","moonsetLocal":"19:27","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:36","end":"18:00","startHours":16.601828322555733,"endHours":17.99981878196344,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:24","end":"13:48","startHours":12.407856944332604,"endHours":13.805847403740312,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:12","end":"16:36","startHours":15.203837863148022,"endHours":16.601828322555733,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:26","end":"09:48","startHours":9.425477297596156,"endHours":9.798274753438212,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:17","end":"07:35","startHours":7.2818919265043345,"endHours":7.580129891177979,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:02","end":"12:47","startHours":12.035059488490546,"endHours":12.780654400174658,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:19","end":"06:04","startHours":5.324705283333541,"endHours":6.070300195017653,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:53","end":"06:49","startHours":5.883901467096625,"endHours":6.815895106701765,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:16","end":"15:01","startHours":14.271844223542882,"endHours":15.017439135226994,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:48","end":"18:12","startHours":17.79981878196344,"endHours":18.19981878196344,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:00","end":"18:28","startHours":17.99981878196344,"endHours":18.46581560176601,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:45","end":"19:30","startHours":17.74981878196344,"endHours":19.49981878196344,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:02","end":"00:47","startHours":24.035059488490546,"endHours":24.780654400174654,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:49","end":"08:13","startHours":6.815895106701765,"endHours":8.213885566109475,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:13","end":"09:37","startHours":8.213885566109475,"endHours":9.611876025517184,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:37","end":"11:01","startHours":9.611876025517184,"endHours":11.009866484924894,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:01","end":"12:24","startHours":11.009866484924894,"endHours":12.407856944332604,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:24","end":"13:48","startHours":12.407856944332604,"endHours":13.805847403740312,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:48","end":"15:12","startHours":13.805847403740312,"endHours":15.203837863148022,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:12","end":"16:36","startHours":15.203837863148022,"endHours":16.601828322555733,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:36","end":"18:00","startHours":16.601828322555733,"endHours":17.99981878196344,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:00","end":"19:36","startHours":17.99981878196344,"endHours":19.601828322555733,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:36","end":"21:12","startHours":19.601828322555733,"endHours":21.20383786314802,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:12","end":"22:48","startHours":21.20383786314802,"endHours":22.805847403740312,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:48","end":"00:24","startHours":22.805847403740312,"endHours":24.407856944332604,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:24","end":"02:01","startHours":24.407856944332604,"endHours":26.009866484924892,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:01","end":"03:37","startHours":26.009866484924892,"endHours":27.611876025517184,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:37","end":"05:13","startHours":27.611876025517184,"endHours":29.213885566109475,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:13","end":"06:49","startHours":29.213885566109475,"endHours":30.815895106701767,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:49","end":"07:49","startHours":6.815895106701765,"endHours":7.815895106701765,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:49","end":"08:49","startHours":7.815895106701765,"endHours":8.815895106701765,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:49","end":"09:49","startHours":8.815895106701765,"endHours":9.815895106701765,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:49","end":"10:49","startHours":9.815895106701765,"endHours":10.815895106701765,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:49","end":"11:49","startHours":10.815895106701765,"endHours":11.815895106701765,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:49","end":"12:49","startHours":11.815895106701765,"endHours":12.815895106701765,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:49","end":"13:49","startHours":12.815895106701765,"endHours":13.815895106701765,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:49","end":"14:49","startHours":13.815895106701765,"endHours":14.815895106701765,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:49","end":"15:49","startHours":14.815895106701765,"endHours":15.815895106701765,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:49","end":"16:49","startHours":15.815895106701765,"endHours":16.815895106701767,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:49","end":"17:49","startHours":16.815895106701767,"endHours":17.815895106701767,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:49","end":"18:49","startHours":17.815895106701767,"endHours":18.815895106701767,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:49","end":"19:49","startHours":18.815895106701767,"endHours":19.815895106701767,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:49","end":"20:49","startHours":19.815895106701767,"endHours":20.815895106701767,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:49","end":"21:49","startHours":20.815895106701767,"endHours":21.815895106701767,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:49","end":"22:49","startHours":21.815895106701767,"endHours":22.815895106701767,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:49","end":"23:49","startHours":22.815895106701767,"endHours":23.815895106701767,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:49","end":"00:49","startHours":23.815895106701767,"endHours":24.815895106701767,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:49","end":"01:49","startHours":24.815895106701767,"endHours":25.815895106701767,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:49","end":"02:49","startHours":25.815895106701767,"endHours":26.815895106701767,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:49","end":"03:49","startHours":26.815895106701767,"endHours":27.815895106701767,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:49","end":"04:49","startHours":27.815895106701767,"endHours":28.815895106701767,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:49","end":"05:49","startHours":28.815895106701767,"endHours":29.815895106701767,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:49","end":"06:49","startHours":29.815895106701767,"endHours":30.815895106701767,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Śubha","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-22.29047733672546,"eotMinutes":8.555383340043877,"ayanamsa":22.9859}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1994,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1859,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1344,"malayalam_era":1113,"nanakshahi_year":468,"lunar_month":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Mārgaśīrṣa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Vṛścika (Kārttikai)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Mārgaśīrṣa Śukla Tṛtīyā · Vikram 1994 Vikṛti · Śaka 1859 Īśvara"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 5, 1937 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 5, 1937 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Tṛtīyā, sūryodaya 06:49, sūryāsta 18:00.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1937-12-05","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1937-12-05","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1937-12-05","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1937-12-05","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1937-12-05"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T11:24:16.918Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T11:24:16.918Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-02T11:24:16.918Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}