{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1935-01-20:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1935-01-20","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1935-01-20","date_display":"January 20, 1935 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1935,"month":1,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2427822.770833,"kali_year":5036,"ahargana":1839357.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":276.1878,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":101.8859,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":16,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pratipada","elongation_degrees":185.6981,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.6981},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3,"moon_longitude":101.8859,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.5525},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":18.0737},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":30,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1935,"month":1,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2427822.770833,"ahargana":1839357.2708,"kali_year":5036,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.9457,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":276.10557399999993,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":100.23947399999997,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.009},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":175.075374,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":289.74187400000005,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":207.59827399999995,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":291.88587400000006,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":304.541074,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":282.0002,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":102.0002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1935,"month":1,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2427822.770833,"kali_year":5036,"ahargana":1839357.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":276.1878,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":101.8859,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":16,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pratipada","elongation_degrees":185.6981,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.6981},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3,"moon_longitude":101.8859,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.5525},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":18.0737},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":30,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.009,"elongation":174.302},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.009,"opposition_distance":5.698}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"07:06","sunsetLocal":"18:22","solarNoonLocal":"12:44","dayLengthHours":11.272386668975924,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 16 Mins 21 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 43 Mins 39 Secs","moonriseLocal":"18:34","moonsetLocal":"07:27","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:58","end":"18:22","startHours":16.960330056486463,"endHours":18.36937839010845,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:44","end":"14:09","startHours":12.733185055620488,"endHours":14.142233389242481,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:33","end":"16:58","startHours":15.55128172286447,"endHours":16.960330056486463,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:44","end":"10:06","startHours":9.72721527722691,"endHours":10.102961499526106,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:34","end":"07:52","startHours":7.566674499006524,"endHours":7.8672714768458825,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:21","end":"13:07","startHours":12.357438833321291,"endHours":13.108931277919686,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:36","end":"06:21","startHours":5.5940068319357374,"endHours":6.345499276534132,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:09","end":"07:06","startHours":6.157626165384533,"endHours":7.096991721132527,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:37","end":"15:22","startHours":14.611916167116476,"endHours":15.36340861171487,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:10","end":"18:34","startHours":18.169378390108452,"endHours":18.56937839010845,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:22","end":"18:50","startHours":18.36937839010845,"endHours":18.839061167982447,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:07","end":"19:52","startHours":18.11937839010845,"endHours":19.86937839010845,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:21","end":"01:07","startHours":24.35743883332129,"endHours":25.108931277919687,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:06","end":"08:30","startHours":7.096991721132527,"endHours":8.506040054754518,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:30","end":"09:55","startHours":8.506040054754518,"endHours":9.915088388376509,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:55","end":"11:19","startHours":9.915088388376509,"endHours":11.3241367219985,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:19","end":"12:44","startHours":11.3241367219985,"endHours":12.733185055620488,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:44","end":"14:09","startHours":12.733185055620488,"endHours":14.142233389242481,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:09","end":"15:33","startHours":14.142233389242481,"endHours":15.55128172286447,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:33","end":"16:58","startHours":15.55128172286447,"endHours":16.960330056486463,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:58","end":"18:22","startHours":16.960330056486463,"endHours":18.36937839010845,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:22","end":"19:58","startHours":18.36937839010845,"endHours":19.960330056486463,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:58","end":"21:33","startHours":19.960330056486463,"endHours":21.55128172286447,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:33","end":"23:09","startHours":21.55128172286447,"endHours":23.14223338924248,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:09","end":"00:44","startHours":23.14223338924248,"endHours":24.73318505562049,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:44","end":"02:19","startHours":24.73318505562049,"endHours":26.3241367219985,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:19","end":"03:55","startHours":26.3241367219985,"endHours":27.91508838837651,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:55","end":"05:30","startHours":27.91508838837651,"endHours":29.506040054754518,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:30","end":"07:06","startHours":29.506040054754518,"endHours":31.096991721132525,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:06","end":"08:06","startHours":7.096991721132527,"endHours":8.096991721132527,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:06","end":"09:06","startHours":8.096991721132527,"endHours":9.096991721132527,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:06","end":"10:06","startHours":9.096991721132527,"endHours":10.096991721132527,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:06","end":"11:06","startHours":10.096991721132527,"endHours":11.096991721132527,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:06","end":"12:06","startHours":11.096991721132527,"endHours":12.096991721132527,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:06","end":"13:06","startHours":12.096991721132527,"endHours":13.096991721132527,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:06","end":"14:06","startHours":13.096991721132527,"endHours":14.096991721132527,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:06","end":"15:06","startHours":14.096991721132527,"endHours":15.096991721132527,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:06","end":"16:06","startHours":15.096991721132527,"endHours":16.096991721132525,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:06","end":"17:06","startHours":16.096991721132525,"endHours":17.096991721132525,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:06","end":"18:06","startHours":17.096991721132525,"endHours":18.096991721132525,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:06","end":"19:06","startHours":18.096991721132525,"endHours":19.096991721132525,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:06","end":"20:06","startHours":19.096991721132525,"endHours":20.096991721132525,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:06","end":"21:06","startHours":20.096991721132525,"endHours":21.096991721132525,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:06","end":"22:06","startHours":21.096991721132525,"endHours":22.096991721132525,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:06","end":"23:06","startHours":22.096991721132525,"endHours":23.096991721132525,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:06","end":"00:06","startHours":23.096991721132525,"endHours":24.096991721132525,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:06","end":"01:06","startHours":24.096991721132525,"endHours":25.096991721132525,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:06","end":"02:06","startHours":25.096991721132525,"endHours":26.096991721132525,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:06","end":"03:06","startHours":26.096991721132525,"endHours":27.096991721132525,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:06","end":"04:06","startHours":27.096991721132525,"endHours":28.096991721132525,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:06","end":"05:06","startHours":28.096991721132525,"endHours":29.096991721132525,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:06","end":"06:06","startHours":29.096991721132525,"endHours":30.096991721132525,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:06","end":"07:06","startHours":30.096991721132525,"endHours":31.096991721132525,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Śrīvatsa","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-20.346209330931753,"eotMinutes":-10.9643033372293,"ayanamsa":22.9457}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1992,"vikram_samvatsara":"Sarvadhāri","saka_samvat":1857,"saka_samvatsara":"Yuva","bengali_samvat":1342,"malayalam_era":1111,"nanakshahi_year":466,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pratipada · Vikram 1992 Sarvadhāri · Śaka 1857 Yuva"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 20, 1935 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 20, 1935 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Pratipada, sūryodaya 07:06, sūryāsta 18:22.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1935-01-20","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1935-01-20","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1935-01-20","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1935-01-20","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1935-01-20"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-24T14:02:06.784Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-24T14:02:06.784Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-24T14:02:06.784Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}