{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1929-04-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1929-04-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1929-04-28","date_display":"April 28, 1929 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1929,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2425729.770833,"kali_year":5031,"ahargana":1837264.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":14.642,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":243.8041,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":229.162,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.162},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2,"moon_longitude":243.8041,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.8041},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":258.4461},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1929,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2425729.770833,"ahargana":1837264.2708,"kali_year":5031,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.8657,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":14.404141999999979,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":240.36954200000002,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.3096},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":90.08684199999999,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":27.040542000000016,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":27.665941999999973,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":3.4848420000000147,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":247.702042,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":32.8974,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":212.8974,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1929,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2425729.770833,"kali_year":5031,"ahargana":1837264.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":14.642,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":243.8041,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":229.162,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.162},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2,"moon_longitude":243.8041,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.8041},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":258.4461},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.31,"elongation":130.838},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.31,"opposition_distance":49.162}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:10","sunsetLocal":"18:51","solarNoonLocal":"12:31","dayLengthHours":12.689357688220063,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 41 Mins 22 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 18 Mins 38 Secs","moonriseLocal":"22:01","moonsetLocal":"09:07","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:16","end":"18:51","startHours":17.26741629715886,"endHours":18.85358600818637,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:31","end":"14:06","startHours":12.508907164076337,"endHours":14.095076875103846,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:41","end":"17:16","startHours":15.681246586131355,"endHours":17.26741629715886,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:08","end":"09:33","startHours":9.125078447217653,"endHours":9.54805703682499,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:42","end":"07:02","startHours":6.692951556975475,"endHours":7.031334428661344,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:05","end":"12:56","startHours":12.085928574469001,"endHours":12.931885753683673,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:28","end":"05:19","startHours":4.4723139615369645,"endHours":5.318271140751635,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:06","end":"06:10","startHours":5.1067818459479675,"endHours":6.164228319966306,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:37","end":"15:28","startHours":14.623800112113013,"endHours":15.469757291327683,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:39","end":"19:03","startHours":18.65358600818637,"endHours":19.053586008186368,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:51","end":"19:23","startHours":18.85358600818637,"endHours":19.38230924519554,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:36","end":"20:21","startHours":18.60358600818637,"endHours":20.35358600818637,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:05","end":"00:56","startHours":24.085928574469,"endHours":24.931885753683673,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:10","end":"07:45","startHours":6.164228319966306,"endHours":7.750398030993814,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:45","end":"09:20","startHours":7.750398030993814,"endHours":9.336567742021323,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:20","end":"10:55","startHours":9.336567742021323,"endHours":10.92273745304883,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:55","end":"12:31","startHours":10.92273745304883,"endHours":12.508907164076337,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:31","end":"14:06","startHours":12.508907164076337,"endHours":14.095076875103846,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:06","end":"15:41","startHours":14.095076875103846,"endHours":15.681246586131355,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:41","end":"17:16","startHours":15.681246586131355,"endHours":17.26741629715886,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:16","end":"18:51","startHours":17.26741629715886,"endHours":18.85358600818637,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:51","end":"20:16","startHours":18.85358600818637,"endHours":20.26741629715886,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:16","end":"21:41","startHours":20.26741629715886,"endHours":21.68124658613135,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:41","end":"23:06","startHours":21.68124658613135,"endHours":23.095076875103846,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:06","end":"00:31","startHours":23.095076875103846,"endHours":24.508907164076337,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:31","end":"01:55","startHours":24.508907164076337,"endHours":25.92273745304883,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:55","end":"03:20","startHours":25.92273745304883,"endHours":27.336567742021323,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:20","end":"04:45","startHours":27.336567742021323,"endHours":28.750398030993814,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:45","end":"06:10","startHours":28.750398030993814,"endHours":30.164228319966305,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:10","end":"07:10","startHours":6.164228319966306,"endHours":7.164228319966306,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:10","end":"08:10","startHours":7.164228319966306,"endHours":8.164228319966305,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:10","end":"09:10","startHours":8.164228319966305,"endHours":9.164228319966305,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:10","end":"10:10","startHours":9.164228319966305,"endHours":10.164228319966305,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:10","end":"11:10","startHours":10.164228319966305,"endHours":11.164228319966305,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:10","end":"12:10","startHours":11.164228319966305,"endHours":12.164228319966305,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:10","end":"13:10","startHours":12.164228319966305,"endHours":13.164228319966305,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:10","end":"14:10","startHours":13.164228319966305,"endHours":14.164228319966305,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:10","end":"15:10","startHours":14.164228319966305,"endHours":15.164228319966305,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:10","end":"16:10","startHours":15.164228319966305,"endHours":16.164228319966305,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:10","end":"17:10","startHours":16.164228319966305,"endHours":17.164228319966305,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:10","end":"18:10","startHours":17.164228319966305,"endHours":18.164228319966305,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:10","end":"19:10","startHours":18.164228319966305,"endHours":19.164228319966305,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:10","end":"20:10","startHours":19.164228319966305,"endHours":20.164228319966305,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:10","end":"21:10","startHours":20.164228319966305,"endHours":21.164228319966305,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:10","end":"22:10","startHours":21.164228319966305,"endHours":22.164228319966305,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:10","end":"23:10","startHours":22.164228319966305,"endHours":23.164228319966305,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:10","end":"00:10","startHours":23.164228319966305,"endHours":24.164228319966305,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:10","end":"01:10","startHours":24.164228319966305,"endHours":25.164228319966305,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:10","end":"02:10","startHours":25.164228319966305,"endHours":26.164228319966305,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:10","end":"03:10","startHours":26.164228319966305,"endHours":27.164228319966305,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:10","end":"04:10","startHours":27.164228319966305,"endHours":28.164228319966305,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:10","end":"05:10","startHours":28.164228319966305,"endHours":29.164228319966305,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:10","end":"06:10","startHours":29.164228319966305,"endHours":30.164228319966305,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Siddhi","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":13.936990507563907,"eotMinutes":2.4923701554198168,"ayanamsa":22.8657}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1986,"vikram_samvatsara":"Citrabhānu","saka_samvat":1851,"saka_samvatsara":"Śukla","bengali_samvat":1336,"malayalam_era":1105,"nanakshahi_year":460,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_amanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 1986 Citrabhānu · Śaka 1851 Śukla"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 28, 1929 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 28, 1929 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 06:10, sūryāsta 18:51.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1929-04-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1929-04-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1929-04-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1929-04-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1929-04-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T20:29:05.229Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T20:29:05.229Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T20:29:05.229Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}