{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1928-12-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1928-12-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1928-12-01","date_display":"December 1, 1928 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1928,"month":12,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2425581.770833,"kali_year":5030,"ahargana":1837116.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":225.4326,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":93.9381,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":228.5055,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.5055},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1,"moon_longitude":93.9381,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.6048},"yoga":{"number":24,"name":"Śukla","sum_longitude":319.3707},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1928,"month":12,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2425581.770833,"ahargana":1837116.2708,"kali_year":5030,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.86,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":225.75799700000005,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":96.944797,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.6019},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":74.916897,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":217.01849700000002,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":9.883397000000002,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":264.888997,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":237.47679700000003,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":40.7391,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":220.7391,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1928,"month":12,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2425581.770833,"kali_year":5030,"ahargana":1837116.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":225.4326,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":93.9381,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":228.5055,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.5055},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1,"moon_longitude":93.9381,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.6048},"yoga":{"number":24,"name":"Śukla","sum_longitude":319.3707},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.602,"elongation":131.495},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.602,"opposition_distance":48.505}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":11,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-1.193,"elongation":1.143}]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:47","sunsetLocal":"17:59","solarNoonLocal":"12:23","dayLengthHours":11.209315099161053,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 12 Mins 34 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 47 Mins 26 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:20","moonsetLocal":"10:16","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:35","end":"10:59","startHours":9.579267048536394,"endHours":10.980431435931527,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:47","end":"15:11","startHours":13.78276021072179,"endHours":15.18392459811692,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:47","end":"08:11","startHours":6.776938273746132,"endHours":8.178102661141263,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:24","end":"09:46","startHours":9.392445130217045,"endHours":9.766088966855746,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:15","end":"07:33","startHours":7.243993069544509,"endHours":7.542908138855471,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:00","end":"12:45","startHours":12.007951986687958,"endHours":12.75523965996536,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:17","end":"06:02","startHours":5.282362927191325,"endHours":6.029650600468728,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:51","end":"06:47","startHours":5.842828682149378,"endHours":6.776938273746132,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:15","end":"15:00","startHours":14.249815006520167,"endHours":14.997102679797571,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:47","end":"18:11","startHours":17.786253372907186,"endHours":18.186253372907185,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:59","end":"18:27","startHours":17.986253372907186,"endHours":18.45330816870556,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:44","end":"19:29","startHours":17.736253372907186,"endHours":19.486253372907186,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:00","end":"00:45","startHours":24.007951986687956,"endHours":24.755239659965362,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:47","end":"08:11","startHours":6.776938273746132,"endHours":8.178102661141263,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:11","end":"09:35","startHours":8.178102661141263,"endHours":9.579267048536394,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:35","end":"10:59","startHours":9.579267048536394,"endHours":10.980431435931527,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:59","end":"12:23","startHours":10.980431435931527,"endHours":12.38159582332666,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:23","end":"13:47","startHours":12.38159582332666,"endHours":13.78276021072179,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:47","end":"15:11","startHours":13.78276021072179,"endHours":15.18392459811692,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:11","end":"16:35","startHours":15.18392459811692,"endHours":16.585088985512055,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:35","end":"17:59","startHours":16.585088985512055,"endHours":17.986253372907186,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"17:59","end":"19:35","startHours":17.986253372907186,"endHours":19.585088985512055,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:35","end":"21:11","startHours":19.585088985512055,"endHours":21.183924598116924,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:11","end":"22:47","startHours":21.183924598116924,"endHours":22.78276021072179,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:47","end":"00:23","startHours":22.78276021072179,"endHours":24.38159582332666,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:23","end":"01:59","startHours":24.38159582332666,"endHours":25.98043143593153,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:59","end":"03:35","startHours":25.98043143593153,"endHours":27.579267048536394,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:35","end":"05:11","startHours":27.579267048536394,"endHours":29.178102661141263,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"05:11","end":"06:47","startHours":29.178102661141263,"endHours":30.776938273746133,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:47","end":"07:47","startHours":6.776938273746132,"endHours":7.776938273746132,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:47","end":"08:47","startHours":7.776938273746132,"endHours":8.776938273746133,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:47","end":"09:47","startHours":8.776938273746133,"endHours":9.776938273746133,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:47","end":"10:47","startHours":9.776938273746133,"endHours":10.776938273746133,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:47","end":"11:47","startHours":10.776938273746133,"endHours":11.776938273746133,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:47","end":"12:47","startHours":11.776938273746133,"endHours":12.776938273746133,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:47","end":"13:47","startHours":12.776938273746133,"endHours":13.776938273746133,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:47","end":"14:47","startHours":13.776938273746133,"endHours":14.776938273746133,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:47","end":"15:47","startHours":14.776938273746133,"endHours":15.776938273746133,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:47","end":"16:47","startHours":15.776938273746133,"endHours":16.776938273746133,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:47","end":"17:47","startHours":16.776938273746133,"endHours":17.776938273746133,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:47","end":"18:47","startHours":17.776938273746133,"endHours":18.776938273746133,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:47","end":"19:47","startHours":18.776938273746133,"endHours":19.776938273746133,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:47","end":"20:47","startHours":19.776938273746133,"endHours":20.776938273746133,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:47","end":"21:47","startHours":20.776938273746133,"endHours":21.776938273746133,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:47","end":"22:47","startHours":21.776938273746133,"endHours":22.776938273746133,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:47","end":"23:47","startHours":22.776938273746133,"endHours":23.776938273746133,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:47","end":"00:47","startHours":23.776938273746133,"endHours":24.776938273746133,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:47","end":"01:47","startHours":24.776938273746133,"endHours":25.776938273746133,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:47","end":"02:47","startHours":25.776938273746133,"endHours":26.776938273746133,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:47","end":"03:47","startHours":26.776938273746133,"endHours":27.776938273746133,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:47","end":"04:47","startHours":27.776938273746133,"endHours":28.776938273746133,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:47","end":"05:47","startHours":28.776938273746133,"endHours":29.776938273746133,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:47","end":"06:47","startHours":29.776938273746133,"endHours":30.776938273746133,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Prajāpati","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-21.73761677749733,"eotMinutes":10.131050600400467,"ayanamsa":22.86}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1985,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vṛṣa","saka_samvat":1850,"saka_samvatsara":"Vibhava","bengali_samvat":1335,"malayalam_era":1104,"nanakshahi_year":459,"lunar_month":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Mārgaśīrṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Vṛścika (Kārttikai)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Mārgaśīrṣa Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 1985 Vṛṣa · Śaka 1850 Vibhava"},"festivals":[{"id":"vrischika-sankranti","name":"Vṛścika Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"वृश्चिक सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Scorpio.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Vṛścika"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 1, 1928 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 1, 1928 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 06:47, sūryāsta 17:59.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1928-12-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1928-12-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1928-12-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1928-12-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1928-12-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-24T16:26:53.403Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-24T16:26:53.403Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-24T16:26:53.403Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}