{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1924-05-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1924-05-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1924-05-01","date_display":"May 1, 1924 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1924,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2423906.770833,"kali_year":5026,"ahargana":1835441.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":17.8241,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":344.5968,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":28,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":326.7727,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.7727},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":344.5968,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.2635},"yoga":{"number":1,"name":"Viṣkambha","sum_longitude":2.4209},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":54,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1924,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2423906.770833,"ahargana":1835441.2708,"kali_year":5026,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.7959,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":17.591193999999973,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":345.033694,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.5863},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":281.96129399999995,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":29.213994000000014,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":237.69849399999998,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":63.945993999999985,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":185.67009400000006,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":129.4887,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":309.4887,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1924,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2423906.770833,"kali_year":5026,"ahargana":1835441.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":17.8241,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":344.5968,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":28,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":326.7727,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.7727},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":344.5968,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.2635},"yoga":{"number":1,"name":"Viṣkambha","sum_longitude":2.4209},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":54,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.586,"elongation":33.227},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.586,"opposition_distance":146.773}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:08","sunsetLocal":"18:52","solarNoonLocal":"12:30","dayLengthHours":12.732631198575127,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 43 Mins 57 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 16 Mins 03 Secs","moonriseLocal":"04:14","moonsetLocal":"16:26","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:06","end":"15:41","startHours":14.093392111005778,"endHours":15.68497101082767,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"06:08","end":"07:44","startHours":6.135497611896324,"endHours":7.727076511718215,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:19","end":"10:55","startHours":9.318655411540107,"endHours":10.910234311361997,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:06","end":"09:32","startHours":9.106444891563854,"endHours":9.530865931516358,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:40","end":"07:00","startHours":6.666023911836954,"endHours":7.0055607437989575,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:05","end":"12:56","startHours":12.077392171231383,"endHours":12.92623425113639,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:26","end":"05:17","startHours":4.437813452086306,"endHours":5.2866555319913155,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:04","end":"06:08","startHours":5.0744450120150635,"endHours":6.135497611896324,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:37","end":"15:28","startHours":14.623918410946409,"endHours":15.472760490851417,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:40","end":"19:04","startHours":18.66812881047145,"endHours":19.06812881047145,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:52","end":"19:24","startHours":18.86812881047145,"endHours":19.39865511041208,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:37","end":"20:22","startHours":18.61812881047145,"endHours":20.36812881047145,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:05","end":"00:56","startHours":24.07739217123138,"endHours":24.926234251136393,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:08","end":"07:44","startHours":6.135497611896324,"endHours":7.727076511718215,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"07:44","end":"09:19","startHours":7.727076511718215,"endHours":9.318655411540107,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:19","end":"10:55","startHours":9.318655411540107,"endHours":10.910234311361997,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:55","end":"12:30","startHours":10.910234311361997,"endHours":12.501813211183887,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:30","end":"14:06","startHours":12.501813211183887,"endHours":14.093392111005778,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"14:06","end":"15:41","startHours":14.093392111005778,"endHours":15.68497101082767,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:41","end":"17:17","startHours":15.68497101082767,"endHours":17.27654991064956,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:17","end":"18:52","startHours":17.27654991064956,"endHours":18.86812881047145,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"18:52","end":"20:17","startHours":18.86812881047145,"endHours":20.27654991064956,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"20:17","end":"21:41","startHours":20.27654991064956,"endHours":21.684971010827667,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:41","end":"23:06","startHours":21.684971010827667,"endHours":23.093392111005777,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"23:06","end":"00:30","startHours":23.093392111005777,"endHours":24.501813211183887,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:30","end":"01:55","startHours":24.501813211183887,"endHours":25.910234311361997,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:55","end":"03:19","startHours":25.910234311361997,"endHours":27.318655411540107,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:19","end":"04:44","startHours":27.318655411540107,"endHours":28.727076511718213,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"04:44","end":"06:08","startHours":28.727076511718213,"endHours":30.135497611896323,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:08","end":"07:08","startHours":6.135497611896324,"endHours":7.135497611896324,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:08","end":"08:08","startHours":7.135497611896324,"endHours":8.135497611896323,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:08","end":"09:08","startHours":8.135497611896323,"endHours":9.135497611896323,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:08","end":"10:08","startHours":9.135497611896323,"endHours":10.135497611896323,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:08","end":"11:08","startHours":10.135497611896323,"endHours":11.135497611896323,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:08","end":"12:08","startHours":11.135497611896323,"endHours":12.135497611896323,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:08","end":"13:08","startHours":12.135497611896323,"endHours":13.135497611896323,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:08","end":"14:08","startHours":13.135497611896323,"endHours":14.135497611896323,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:08","end":"15:08","startHours":14.135497611896323,"endHours":15.135497611896323,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:08","end":"16:08","startHours":15.135497611896323,"endHours":16.135497611896323,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:08","end":"17:08","startHours":16.135497611896323,"endHours":17.135497611896323,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:08","end":"18:08","startHours":17.135497611896323,"endHours":18.135497611896323,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:08","end":"19:08","startHours":18.135497611896323,"endHours":19.135497611896323,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:08","end":"20:08","startHours":19.135497611896323,"endHours":20.135497611896323,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:08","end":"21:08","startHours":20.135497611896323,"endHours":21.135497611896323,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:08","end":"22:08","startHours":21.135497611896323,"endHours":22.135497611896323,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:08","end":"23:08","startHours":22.135497611896323,"endHours":23.135497611896323,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:08","end":"00:08","startHours":23.135497611896323,"endHours":24.135497611896323,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:08","end":"01:08","startHours":24.135497611896323,"endHours":25.135497611896323,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:08","end":"02:08","startHours":25.135497611896323,"endHours":26.135497611896323,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:08","end":"03:08","startHours":26.135497611896323,"endHours":27.135497611896323,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:08","end":"04:08","startHours":27.135497611896323,"endHours":28.135497611896323,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:08","end":"05:08","startHours":28.135497611896323,"endHours":29.135497611896323,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:08","end":"06:08","startHours":29.135497611896323,"endHours":30.135497611896323,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Padma","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":14.934230291589662,"eotMinutes":2.918007328966811,"ayanamsa":22.7959}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1981,"vikram_samvatsara":"Īśvara","saka_samvat":1846,"saka_samvatsara":"Raktākṣī","bengali_samvat":1331,"malayalam_era":1100,"nanakshahi_year":455,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī · Vikram 1981 Īśvara · Śaka 1846 Raktākṣī"},"festivals":[{"id":"mesha-sankranti","name":"Meṣa Saṅkrānti (Vaiśākhī / Vishu / Pohelā Boishākh / Bihu)","name_sanskrit":"मेष सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aries; solar new year. Regional: Vaiśākhī (Punjab) · Vishu (Kerala) · Pohelā Boishākh (Bengal) · Bihu (Assam) · Tamil Puthāṇḍu.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":1},{"id":"baisakhi","name":"Baisakhi (Vaiśākhī)","name_sanskrit":"वैशाखी","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya + Khalsa Pantha (Sikh)","significance":"Punjab New Year + Sikh Khalsa founding day.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":2},{"id":"pradosha-vrata","name":"Pradoṣa Vrata","name_sanskrit":"प्रदोष व्रत","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Twilight worship of Śiva on Trayodaśī.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":13},{"tithi_number":28}]},"precedence":7}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga May 1, 1924 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"May 1, 1924 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī, sūryodaya 06:08, sūryāsta 18:52.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1924-05-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1924-05-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1924-05-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1924-05-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1924-05-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-23T01:44:52.359Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-23T01:44:52.359Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-23T01:44:52.359Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}