{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1923-12-20:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1923-12-20","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1923-12-20","date_display":"December 20, 1923 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1923,"month":12,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2423773.770833,"kali_year":5025,"ahargana":1835308.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":244.1778,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":26.5394,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":12,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":142.3616,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.3616},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":26.5394,"elapsed_within_degrees":13.2061},"yoga":{"number":21,"name":"Siddha","sum_longitude":270.7171},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":23,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1923,"month":12,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2423773.770833,"ahargana":1835308.2708,"kali_year":5025,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.7909,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":244.33847500000002,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":28.253175,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.2282},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":198.48017500000003,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":263.36047499999995,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":224.34947499999998,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":270.44837499999994,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":187.43067500000006,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":136.5357,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":316.5357,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1923,"month":12,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2423773.770833,"kali_year":5025,"ahargana":1835308.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":244.1778,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":26.5394,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":12,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":142.3616,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.3616},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":26.5394,"elapsed_within_degrees":13.2061},"yoga":{"number":21,"name":"Siddha","sum_longitude":270.7171},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":23,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.228,"elongation":142.362},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.228,"opposition_distance":37.638}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:57","sunsetLocal":"18:05","solarNoonLocal":"12:31","dayLengthHours":11.132107876837665,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 07 Mins 56 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 52 Mins 04 Secs","moonriseLocal":"15:42","moonsetLocal":"04:32","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"13:55","end":"15:18","startHours":13.911094859230229,"endHours":15.302608343834937,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"06:57","end":"08:21","startHours":6.953527436206689,"endHours":8.345040920811396,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:44","end":"11:08","startHours":9.736554405416104,"endHours":11.128067890020812,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:33","end":"09:55","startHours":9.551019274135477,"endHours":9.922089536696733,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:25","end":"07:43","startHours":7.417365264408258,"endHours":7.714221474457263,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:09","end":"12:53","startHours":12.148511112064265,"endHours":12.890651637186776,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:28","end":"06:13","startHours":5.469246385961666,"endHours":6.211386911084178,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:02","end":"06:57","startHours":6.02585177980355,"endHours":6.953527436206689,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:22","end":"15:07","startHours":14.374932687431798,"endHours":15.11707321255431,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:53","end":"18:17","startHours":17.885635313044354,"endHours":18.285635313044352,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:05","end":"18:33","startHours":18.085635313044353,"endHours":18.549473141245922,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:50","end":"19:35","startHours":17.835635313044353,"endHours":19.585635313044353,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:09","end":"00:53","startHours":24.148511112064266,"endHours":24.890651637186775,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:57","end":"08:21","startHours":6.953527436206689,"endHours":8.345040920811396,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:21","end":"09:44","startHours":8.345040920811396,"endHours":9.736554405416104,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:44","end":"11:08","startHours":9.736554405416104,"endHours":11.128067890020812,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"11:08","end":"12:31","startHours":11.128067890020812,"endHours":12.51958137462552,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:31","end":"13:55","startHours":12.51958137462552,"endHours":13.911094859230229,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"13:55","end":"15:18","startHours":13.911094859230229,"endHours":15.302608343834937,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:18","end":"16:42","startHours":15.302608343834937,"endHours":16.694121828439645,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:42","end":"18:05","startHours":16.694121828439645,"endHours":18.085635313044353,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"18:05","end":"19:42","startHours":18.085635313044353,"endHours":19.694121828439645,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:42","end":"21:18","startHours":19.694121828439645,"endHours":21.302608343834937,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:18","end":"22:55","startHours":21.302608343834937,"endHours":22.91109485923023,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:55","end":"00:31","startHours":22.91109485923023,"endHours":24.51958137462552,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:31","end":"02:08","startHours":24.51958137462552,"endHours":26.128067890020812,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:08","end":"03:44","startHours":26.128067890020812,"endHours":27.736554405416104,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:44","end":"05:21","startHours":27.736554405416104,"endHours":29.345040920811396,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"05:21","end":"06:57","startHours":29.345040920811396,"endHours":30.953527436206688,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:57","end":"07:57","startHours":6.953527436206689,"endHours":7.953527436206689,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:57","end":"08:57","startHours":7.953527436206689,"endHours":8.953527436206688,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:57","end":"09:57","startHours":8.953527436206688,"endHours":9.953527436206688,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:57","end":"10:57","startHours":9.953527436206688,"endHours":10.953527436206688,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:57","end":"11:57","startHours":10.953527436206688,"endHours":11.953527436206688,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:57","end":"12:57","startHours":11.953527436206688,"endHours":12.953527436206688,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:57","end":"13:57","startHours":12.953527436206688,"endHours":13.953527436206688,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:57","end":"14:57","startHours":13.953527436206688,"endHours":14.953527436206688,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:57","end":"15:57","startHours":14.953527436206688,"endHours":15.953527436206688,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:57","end":"16:57","startHours":15.953527436206688,"endHours":16.953527436206688,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:57","end":"17:57","startHours":16.953527436206688,"endHours":17.953527436206688,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:57","end":"18:57","startHours":17.953527436206688,"endHours":18.953527436206688,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:57","end":"19:57","startHours":18.953527436206688,"endHours":19.953527436206688,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:57","end":"20:57","startHours":19.953527436206688,"endHours":20.953527436206688,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:57","end":"21:57","startHours":20.953527436206688,"endHours":21.953527436206688,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:57","end":"22:57","startHours":21.953527436206688,"endHours":22.953527436206688,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:57","end":"23:57","startHours":22.953527436206688,"endHours":23.953527436206688,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:57","end":"00:57","startHours":23.953527436206688,"endHours":24.953527436206688,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:57","end":"01:57","startHours":24.953527436206688,"endHours":25.953527436206688,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:57","end":"02:57","startHours":25.953527436206688,"endHours":26.953527436206688,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:57","end":"03:57","startHours":26.953527436206688,"endHours":27.953527436206688,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:57","end":"04:57","startHours":27.953527436206688,"endHours":28.953527436206688,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:57","end":"05:57","startHours":28.953527436206688,"endHours":29.953527436206688,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:57","end":"06:57","startHours":29.953527436206688,"endHours":30.953527436206688,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Kāṇa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-23.405336763313667,"eotMinutes":1.851917522468745,"ayanamsa":22.7909}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1980,"vikram_samvatsara":"Dhātṛ","saka_samvat":1845,"saka_samvatsara":"Rudhirodgāri","bengali_samvat":1330,"malayalam_era":1099,"nanakshahi_year":454,"lunar_month":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Mārgaśīrṣa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Mārgaśīrṣa Śukla Dvādaśī · Vikram 1980 Dhātṛ · Śaka 1845 Rudhirodgāri"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 20, 1923 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 20, 1923 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Dvādaśī, sūryodaya 06:57, sūryāsta 18:05.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1923-12-20","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1923-12-20","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1923-12-20","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1923-12-20","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1923-12-20"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T21:39:17.389Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T21:39:17.389Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-01T21:39:17.389Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}