{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1923-12-12:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1923-12-12","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1923-12-12","date_display":"December 12, 1923 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1923,"month":12,"day":12,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2423765.770833,"kali_year":5025,"ahargana":1835300.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":235.9683,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":287.9275,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":51.9592,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.9592},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3,"moon_longitude":287.9275,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.9275},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":163.8959},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":8,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1923,"month":12,"day":12,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2423765.770833,"ahargana":1835300.2708,"kali_year":5025,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.7905,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":236.19818099999998,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":289.747481,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.1821},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":193.34138099999996,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":251.450381,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":222.60758099999998,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":260.486981,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":186.72198100000003,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":136.9596,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":316.9596,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1923,"month":12,"day":12,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2423765.770833,"kali_year":5025,"ahargana":1835300.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":235.9683,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":287.9275,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":51.9592,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.9592},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3,"moon_longitude":287.9275,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.9275},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":163.8959},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":8,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.182,"elongation":51.959},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.182,"opposition_distance":128.041}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:53","sunsetLocal":"18:02","solarNoonLocal":"12:27","dayLengthHours":11.151975304988314,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 09 Mins 07 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 50 Mins 53 Secs","moonriseLocal":"10:20","moonsetLocal":"21:43","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:27","end":"13:51","startHours":12.458088515648114,"endHours":13.852085428771652,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:17","end":"09:40","startHours":8.276097776277496,"endHours":9.670094689401035,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:04","end":"12:27","startHours":11.064091602524574,"endHours":12.458088515648114,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:29","end":"09:51","startHours":9.484228434317897,"endHours":9.855960944484174,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:21","end":"07:39","startHours":7.346766500861803,"endHours":7.644152508994825,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:05","end":"12:50","startHours":12.086356005481838,"endHours":12.829821025814391,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:24","end":"06:08","startHours":5.395170822488848,"endHours":6.138635842821403,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:57","end":"06:53","startHours":5.952769587738263,"endHours":6.882100863153957,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:19","end":"15:04","startHours":14.3167510664795,"endHours":15.060216086812053,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:50","end":"18:14","startHours":17.83407616814227,"endHours":18.23407616814227,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:02","end":"18:30","startHours":18.03407616814227,"endHours":18.498741805850116,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:47","end":"19:32","startHours":17.78407616814227,"endHours":19.53407616814227,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:05","end":"00:50","startHours":24.086356005481836,"endHours":24.829821025814393,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"06:53","end":"08:17","startHours":6.882100863153957,"endHours":8.276097776277496,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:17","end":"09:40","startHours":8.276097776277496,"endHours":9.670094689401035,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:40","end":"11:04","startHours":9.670094689401035,"endHours":11.064091602524574,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:04","end":"12:27","startHours":11.064091602524574,"endHours":12.458088515648114,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:27","end":"13:51","startHours":12.458088515648114,"endHours":13.852085428771652,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:51","end":"15:15","startHours":13.852085428771652,"endHours":15.246082341895193,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:15","end":"16:38","startHours":15.246082341895193,"endHours":16.640079255018733,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:38","end":"18:02","startHours":16.640079255018733,"endHours":18.03407616814227,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:02","end":"19:38","startHours":18.03407616814227,"endHours":19.64007925501873,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:38","end":"21:15","startHours":19.64007925501873,"endHours":21.246082341895193,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:15","end":"22:51","startHours":21.246082341895193,"endHours":22.85208542877165,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:51","end":"00:27","startHours":22.85208542877165,"endHours":24.458088515648114,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:27","end":"02:04","startHours":24.458088515648114,"endHours":26.064091602524574,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:04","end":"03:40","startHours":26.064091602524574,"endHours":27.670094689401033,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:40","end":"05:17","startHours":27.670094689401033,"endHours":29.276097776277496,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:17","end":"06:53","startHours":29.276097776277496,"endHours":30.88210086315396,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:53","end":"07:53","startHours":6.882100863153957,"endHours":7.882100863153957,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:53","end":"08:53","startHours":7.882100863153957,"endHours":8.882100863153957,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:53","end":"09:53","startHours":8.882100863153957,"endHours":9.882100863153957,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:53","end":"10:53","startHours":9.882100863153957,"endHours":10.882100863153957,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:53","end":"11:53","startHours":10.882100863153957,"endHours":11.882100863153957,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:53","end":"12:53","startHours":11.882100863153957,"endHours":12.882100863153957,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:53","end":"13:53","startHours":12.882100863153957,"endHours":13.882100863153957,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:53","end":"14:53","startHours":13.882100863153957,"endHours":14.882100863153957,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:53","end":"15:53","startHours":14.882100863153957,"endHours":15.882100863153957,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:53","end":"16:53","startHours":15.882100863153957,"endHours":16.88210086315396,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:53","end":"17:53","startHours":16.88210086315396,"endHours":17.88210086315396,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:53","end":"18:53","startHours":17.88210086315396,"endHours":18.88210086315396,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:53","end":"19:53","startHours":18.88210086315396,"endHours":19.88210086315396,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:53","end":"20:53","startHours":19.88210086315396,"endHours":20.88210086315396,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:53","end":"21:53","startHours":20.88210086315396,"endHours":21.88210086315396,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:53","end":"22:53","startHours":21.88210086315396,"endHours":22.88210086315396,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:53","end":"23:53","startHours":22.88210086315396,"endHours":23.88210086315396,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:53","end":"00:53","startHours":23.88210086315396,"endHours":24.88210086315396,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:53","end":"01:53","startHours":24.88210086315396,"endHours":25.88210086315396,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:53","end":"02:53","startHours":25.88210086315396,"endHours":26.88210086315396,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:53","end":"03:53","startHours":26.88210086315396,"endHours":27.88210086315396,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:53","end":"04:53","startHours":27.88210086315396,"endHours":28.88210086315396,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:53","end":"05:53","startHours":28.88210086315396,"endHours":29.88210086315396,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:53","end":"06:53","startHours":29.88210086315396,"endHours":30.88210086315396,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvānkṣa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-22.980012918497145,"eotMinutes":5.541489061113115,"ayanamsa":22.7905}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1980,"vikram_samvatsara":"Dhātṛ","saka_samvat":1845,"saka_samvatsara":"Rudhirodgāri","bengali_samvat":1330,"malayalam_era":1099,"nanakshahi_year":454,"lunar_month":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Mārgaśīrṣa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Vṛścika (Kārttikai)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Mārgaśīrṣa Śukla Pañcamī · Vikram 1980 Dhātṛ · Śaka 1845 Rudhirodgāri"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 12, 1923 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 12, 1923 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Pañcamī, sūryodaya 06:53, sūryāsta 18:02.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1923-12-12","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1923-12-12","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1923-12-12","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1923-12-12","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1923-12-12"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T13:44:22.471Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T13:44:22.471Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-02T13:44:22.471Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}