{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1923-04-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1923-04-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1923-04-28","date_display":"April 28, 1923 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1923,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2423537.770833,"kali_year":5025,"ahargana":1835072.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":14.2092,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":156.2232,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":12,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":142.014,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.014},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":156.2232,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.5565},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":170.4324},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":23,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1923,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2423537.770833,"ahargana":1835072.2708,"kali_year":5025,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.7818,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":13.95599199999998,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":153.72629200000006,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.5621},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":46.442792,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":33.82269200000002,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":203.54639199999997,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":340.067792,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":172.82579199999998,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":149.0401,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":329.0401,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1923,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2423537.770833,"kali_year":5025,"ahargana":1835072.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":14.2092,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":156.2232,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":12,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":142.014,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.014},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":156.2232,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.5565},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":170.4324},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":23,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.562,"elongation":142.014},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.562,"opposition_distance":37.986}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:10","sunsetLocal":"18:51","solarNoonLocal":"12:31","dayLengthHours":12.681849980754627,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 40 Mins 55 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 19 Mins 05 Secs","moonriseLocal":"15:46","moonsetLocal":"03:54","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:20","end":"10:55","startHours":9.33844466888768,"endHours":10.923675916482008,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:06","end":"15:41","startHours":14.094138411670666,"endHours":15.679369659264994,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:10","end":"07:45","startHours":6.1679821736990235,"endHours":7.753213421293352,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:08","end":"09:33","startHours":9.12708050254177,"endHours":9.549808835233591,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:42","end":"07:02","startHours":6.6963925895638,"endHours":7.0345752557172565,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:05","end":"12:56","startHours":12.086178831384517,"endHours":12.931635496768157,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:29","end":"05:19","startHours":4.47706884293174,"endHours":5.3225255083153815,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:07","end":"06:10","startHours":5.1111613419694715,"endHours":6.1679821736990235,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:37","end":"15:28","startHours":14.622548827535441,"endHours":15.468005492919083,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:39","end":"19:03","startHours":18.64983215445365,"endHours":19.04983215445365,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:51","end":"19:23","startHours":18.84983215445365,"endHours":19.378242570318427,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:36","end":"20:21","startHours":18.59983215445365,"endHours":20.34983215445365,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:05","end":"00:56","startHours":24.086178831384515,"endHours":24.93163549676816,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:10","end":"07:45","startHours":6.1679821736990235,"endHours":7.753213421293352,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:45","end":"09:20","startHours":7.753213421293352,"endHours":9.33844466888768,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:20","end":"10:55","startHours":9.33844466888768,"endHours":10.923675916482008,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:55","end":"12:31","startHours":10.923675916482008,"endHours":12.508907164076337,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:31","end":"14:06","startHours":12.508907164076337,"endHours":14.094138411670666,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:06","end":"15:41","startHours":14.094138411670666,"endHours":15.679369659264994,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:41","end":"17:16","startHours":15.679369659264994,"endHours":17.26460090685932,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:16","end":"18:51","startHours":17.26460090685932,"endHours":18.84983215445365,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:51","end":"20:16","startHours":18.84983215445365,"endHours":20.26460090685932,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:16","end":"21:41","startHours":20.26460090685932,"endHours":21.679369659264992,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:41","end":"23:06","startHours":21.679369659264992,"endHours":23.094138411670666,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:06","end":"00:31","startHours":23.094138411670666,"endHours":24.508907164076337,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:31","end":"01:55","startHours":24.508907164076337,"endHours":25.923675916482008,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:55","end":"03:20","startHours":25.923675916482008,"endHours":27.338444668887682,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:20","end":"04:45","startHours":27.338444668887682,"endHours":28.753213421293353,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:45","end":"06:10","startHours":28.753213421293353,"endHours":30.167982173699023,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:10","end":"07:10","startHours":6.1679821736990235,"endHours":7.1679821736990235,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:10","end":"08:10","startHours":7.1679821736990235,"endHours":8.167982173699023,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:10","end":"09:10","startHours":8.167982173699023,"endHours":9.167982173699023,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:10","end":"10:10","startHours":9.167982173699023,"endHours":10.167982173699023,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:10","end":"11:10","startHours":10.167982173699023,"endHours":11.167982173699023,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:10","end":"12:10","startHours":11.167982173699023,"endHours":12.167982173699023,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:10","end":"13:10","startHours":12.167982173699023,"endHours":13.167982173699023,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:10","end":"14:10","startHours":13.167982173699023,"endHours":14.167982173699023,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:10","end":"15:10","startHours":14.167982173699023,"endHours":15.167982173699023,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:10","end":"16:10","startHours":15.167982173699023,"endHours":16.167982173699023,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:10","end":"17:10","startHours":16.167982173699023,"endHours":17.167982173699023,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:10","end":"18:10","startHours":17.167982173699023,"endHours":18.167982173699023,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:10","end":"19:10","startHours":18.167982173699023,"endHours":19.167982173699023,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:10","end":"20:10","startHours":19.167982173699023,"endHours":20.167982173699023,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:10","end":"21:10","startHours":20.167982173699023,"endHours":21.167982173699023,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:10","end":"22:10","startHours":21.167982173699023,"endHours":22.167982173699023,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:10","end":"23:10","startHours":22.167982173699023,"endHours":23.167982173699023,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:10","end":"00:10","startHours":23.167982173699023,"endHours":24.167982173699023,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:10","end":"01:10","startHours":24.167982173699023,"endHours":25.167982173699023,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:10","end":"02:10","startHours":25.167982173699023,"endHours":26.167982173699023,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:10","end":"03:10","startHours":26.167982173699023,"endHours":27.167982173699023,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:10","end":"04:10","startHours":27.167982173699023,"endHours":28.167982173699023,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:10","end":"05:10","startHours":28.167982173699023,"endHours":29.167982173699023,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:10","end":"06:10","startHours":29.167982173699023,"endHours":30.167982173699023,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"North-West","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Śrīvatsa","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":13.76293698485358,"eotMinutes":2.4923701554198168,"ayanamsa":22.7818}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1980,"vikram_samvatsara":"Dhātṛ","saka_samvat":1845,"saka_samvatsara":"Rudhirodgāri","bengali_samvat":1330,"malayalam_era":1099,"nanakshahi_year":454,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_amanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Śukla Dvādaśī · Vikram 1980 Dhātṛ · Śaka 1845 Rudhirodgāri"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 28, 1923 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 28, 1923 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Dvādaśī, sūryodaya 06:10, sūryāsta 18:51.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1923-04-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1923-04-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1923-04-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1923-04-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1923-04-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T04:15:01.223Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T04:15:01.223Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-01T04:15:01.223Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}