{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1913-09-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1913-09-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1913-09-16","date_display":"September 16, 1913 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1913,"month":9,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2420026.770833,"kali_year":5015,"ahargana":1831561.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":149.3916,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":336.2385,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":16,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pratipada","elongation_degrees":186.8469,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.8469},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":336.2385,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.9052},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":125.6301},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":31,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1913,"month":9,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2420026.770833,"ahargana":1831561.2708,"kali_year":5015,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.6475,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":149.913138,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":335.34993800000007,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.0917},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":68.738538,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":150.55833800000005,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":256.72803799999997,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":115.84693800000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":56.15463799999998,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":335.0698,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":155.0698,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1913,"month":9,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2420026.770833,"kali_year":5015,"ahargana":1831561.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":149.3916,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":336.2385,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":16,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pratipada","elongation_degrees":186.8469,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.8469},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":336.2385,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.9052},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":125.6301},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":31,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.092,"elongation":173.153},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.092,"opposition_distance":6.847}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-15,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.476,"elongation":1.842},{"offset_days":14,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.54,"elongation":1.859}]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:20","sunsetLocal":"18:34","solarNoonLocal":"12:27","dayLengthHours":12.234369940304958,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 14 Mins 04 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 45 Mins 56 Secs","moonriseLocal":"18:47","moonsetLocal":"06:50","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:31","end":"17:02","startHours":15.511233967897429,"endHours":17.04053021043555,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:24","end":"10:55","startHours":9.39404899774495,"endHours":10.92334524028307,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:27","end":"13:59","startHours":12.452641482821189,"endHours":13.981937725359309,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:11","end":"09:36","startHours":9.190142832073201,"endHours":9.5979551634167,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:51","end":"07:10","startHours":6.845221926848084,"endHours":7.171471791922883,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:03","end":"12:52","startHours":12.04482915147769,"endHours":12.860453814164687,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:42","end":"05:31","startHours":4.704207187294717,"endHours":5.519831849981713,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:19","end":"06:20","startHours":5.315925684309964,"endHours":6.335456512668711,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:30","end":"15:18","startHours":14.491703139538682,"endHours":15.307327802225679,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:22","end":"18:46","startHours":18.36982645297367,"endHours":18.769826452973668,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:34","end":"19:05","startHours":18.56982645297367,"endHours":19.07959186715304,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:19","end":"20:04","startHours":18.31982645297367,"endHours":20.06982645297367,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:03","end":"00:52","startHours":24.04482915147769,"endHours":24.86045381416469,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"06:20","end":"07:52","startHours":6.335456512668711,"endHours":7.864752755206831,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:52","end":"09:24","startHours":7.864752755206831,"endHours":9.39404899774495,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:24","end":"10:55","startHours":9.39404899774495,"endHours":10.92334524028307,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:55","end":"12:27","startHours":10.92334524028307,"endHours":12.452641482821189,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:27","end":"13:59","startHours":12.452641482821189,"endHours":13.981937725359309,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:59","end":"15:31","startHours":13.981937725359309,"endHours":15.511233967897429,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:31","end":"17:02","startHours":15.511233967897429,"endHours":17.04053021043555,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"17:02","end":"18:34","startHours":17.04053021043555,"endHours":18.56982645297367,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:34","end":"20:02","startHours":18.56982645297367,"endHours":20.04053021043555,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:02","end":"21:31","startHours":20.04053021043555,"endHours":21.51123396789743,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:31","end":"22:59","startHours":21.51123396789743,"endHours":22.98193772535931,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:59","end":"00:27","startHours":22.98193772535931,"endHours":24.45264148282119,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:27","end":"01:55","startHours":24.45264148282119,"endHours":25.92334524028307,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:55","end":"03:24","startHours":25.92334524028307,"endHours":27.39404899774495,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:24","end":"04:52","startHours":27.39404899774495,"endHours":28.86475275520683,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:52","end":"06:20","startHours":28.86475275520683,"endHours":30.33545651266871,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:20","end":"07:20","startHours":6.335456512668711,"endHours":7.335456512668711,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:20","end":"08:20","startHours":7.335456512668711,"endHours":8.33545651266871,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:20","end":"09:20","startHours":8.33545651266871,"endHours":9.33545651266871,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:20","end":"10:20","startHours":9.33545651266871,"endHours":10.33545651266871,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:20","end":"11:20","startHours":10.33545651266871,"endHours":11.33545651266871,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:20","end":"12:20","startHours":11.33545651266871,"endHours":12.33545651266871,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:20","end":"13:20","startHours":12.33545651266871,"endHours":13.33545651266871,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:20","end":"14:20","startHours":13.33545651266871,"endHours":14.33545651266871,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:20","end":"15:20","startHours":14.33545651266871,"endHours":15.33545651266871,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:20","end":"16:20","startHours":15.33545651266871,"endHours":16.33545651266871,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:20","end":"17:20","startHours":16.33545651266871,"endHours":17.33545651266871,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:20","end":"18:20","startHours":17.33545651266871,"endHours":18.33545651266871,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:20","end":"19:20","startHours":18.33545651266871,"endHours":19.33545651266871,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:20","end":"20:20","startHours":19.33545651266871,"endHours":20.33545651266871,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:20","end":"21:20","startHours":20.33545651266871,"endHours":21.33545651266871,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:20","end":"22:20","startHours":21.33545651266871,"endHours":22.33545651266871,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:20","end":"23:20","startHours":22.33545651266871,"endHours":23.33545651266871,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:20","end":"00:20","startHours":23.33545651266871,"endHours":24.33545651266871,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:20","end":"01:20","startHours":24.33545651266871,"endHours":25.33545651266871,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:20","end":"02:20","startHours":25.33545651266871,"endHours":26.33545651266871,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:20","end":"03:20","startHours":26.33545651266871,"endHours":27.33545651266871,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:20","end":"04:20","startHours":27.33545651266871,"endHours":28.33545651266871,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:20","end":"05:20","startHours":28.33545651266871,"endHours":29.33545651266871,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:20","end":"06:20","startHours":29.33545651266871,"endHours":30.33545651266871,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvānkṣa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":2.951874612693153,"eotMinutes":5.868311030728706,"ayanamsa":22.6475}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1970,"vikram_samvatsara":"Akṣaya","saka_samvat":1835,"saka_samvatsara":"Pramādī","bengali_samvat":1320,"malayalam_era":1089,"nanakshahi_year":444,"lunar_month":"Āśvina","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Āśvina","lunar_month_amanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Siṃha (Āvaṇi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Pratipada · Vikram 1970 Akṣaya · Śaka 1835 Pramādī"},"festivals":[{"id":"kanya-sankranti","name":"Kanyā Saṅkrānti (Mahālaya begins)","name_sanskrit":"कन्या सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Virgo; Mahālaya / Pitṛ-Pakṣa solar marker.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi_ingress":"Kanyā"},"precedence":4}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 16, 1913 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 16, 1913 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Pratipada, sūryodaya 06:20, sūryāsta 18:34.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1913-09-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1913-09-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1913-09-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1913-09-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1913-09-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T13:08:58.479Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T13:08:58.479Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-02T13:08:58.479Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}