{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1910-07-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1910-07-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1910-07-31","date_display":"July 31, 1910 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1910,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2418883.770833,"kali_year":5012,"ahargana":1830418.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":104.0297,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":36.7242,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":25,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Daśamī","elongation_degrees":292.6945,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.6945},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":36.7242,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.0576},"yoga":{"number":11,"name":"Vṛddhi","sum_longitude":140.7539},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":48,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1910,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2418883.770833,"ahargana":1830418.2708,"kali_year":5012,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.6038,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":104.34720900000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":35.993908999999974,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.0857},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":124.86410899999998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":117.63120900000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":168.115009,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":75.50860899999998,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":14.71440899999999,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":35.6314,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":215.6314,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1910,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2418883.770833,"kali_year":5012,"ahargana":1830418.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":104.0297,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":36.7242,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":25,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Daśamī","elongation_degrees":292.6945,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.6945},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":36.7242,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.0576},"yoga":{"number":11,"name":"Vṛddhi","sum_longitude":140.7539},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":48,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.086,"elongation":67.305},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.086,"opposition_distance":112.695}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:12","sunsetLocal":"19:06","solarNoonLocal":"12:39","dayLengthHours":12.892906715764283,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 53 Mins 34 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 06 Mins 26 Secs","moonriseLocal":"01:38","moonsetLocal":"14:33","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:29","end":"19:06","startHours":17.48647626028412,"endHours":19.098089599754655,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:39","end":"14:16","startHours":12.651636241872513,"endHours":14.26324958134305,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:52","end":"17:29","startHours":15.874862920813584,"endHours":17.48647626028412,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:13","end":"09:39","startHours":9.213527784335373,"endHours":9.643291341527515,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:45","end":"07:05","startHours":6.74238733048055,"endHours":7.086198176234265,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:13","end":"13:05","startHours":12.22187268468037,"endHours":13.081399799064656,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:29","end":"05:21","startHours":4.486128655221801,"endHours":5.345655769606086,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:08","end":"06:12","startHours":5.130773991010015,"endHours":6.205182883990372,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:48","end":"15:40","startHours":14.800454027833226,"endHours":15.65998114221751,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:54","end":"19:18","startHours":18.898089599754655,"endHours":19.298089599754654,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:06","end":"19:38","startHours":19.098089599754655,"endHours":19.635294046244834,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:51","end":"20:36","startHours":18.848089599754655,"endHours":20.598089599754655,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:13","end":"01:05","startHours":24.22187268468037,"endHours":25.081399799064656,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:12","end":"07:49","startHours":6.205182883990372,"endHours":7.816796223460908,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:49","end":"09:26","startHours":7.816796223460908,"endHours":9.428409562931442,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:26","end":"11:02","startHours":9.428409562931442,"endHours":11.04002290240198,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:02","end":"12:39","startHours":11.04002290240198,"endHours":12.651636241872513,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:39","end":"14:16","startHours":12.651636241872513,"endHours":14.26324958134305,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:16","end":"15:52","startHours":14.26324958134305,"endHours":15.874862920813584,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:52","end":"17:29","startHours":15.874862920813584,"endHours":17.48647626028412,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:29","end":"19:06","startHours":17.48647626028412,"endHours":19.098089599754655,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:06","end":"20:29","startHours":19.098089599754655,"endHours":20.48647626028412,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:29","end":"21:52","startHours":20.48647626028412,"endHours":21.874862920813584,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:52","end":"23:16","startHours":21.874862920813584,"endHours":23.263249581343047,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:16","end":"00:39","startHours":23.263249581343047,"endHours":24.651636241872513,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:39","end":"02:02","startHours":24.651636241872513,"endHours":26.04002290240198,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:02","end":"03:26","startHours":26.04002290240198,"endHours":27.428409562931442,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:26","end":"04:49","startHours":27.428409562931442,"endHours":28.816796223460905,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:49","end":"06:12","startHours":28.816796223460905,"endHours":30.20518288399037,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:12","end":"07:12","startHours":6.205182883990372,"endHours":7.205182883990372,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:12","end":"08:12","startHours":7.205182883990372,"endHours":8.205182883990371,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:12","end":"09:12","startHours":8.205182883990371,"endHours":9.205182883990371,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:12","end":"10:12","startHours":9.205182883990371,"endHours":10.205182883990371,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:12","end":"11:12","startHours":10.205182883990371,"endHours":11.205182883990371,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:12","end":"12:12","startHours":11.205182883990371,"endHours":12.205182883990371,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:12","end":"13:12","startHours":12.205182883990371,"endHours":13.205182883990371,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:12","end":"14:12","startHours":13.205182883990371,"endHours":14.205182883990371,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:12","end":"15:12","startHours":14.205182883990371,"endHours":15.205182883990371,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:12","end":"16:12","startHours":15.205182883990371,"endHours":16.20518288399037,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:12","end":"17:12","startHours":16.20518288399037,"endHours":17.20518288399037,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:12","end":"18:12","startHours":17.20518288399037,"endHours":18.20518288399037,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:12","end":"19:12","startHours":18.20518288399037,"endHours":19.20518288399037,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:12","end":"20:12","startHours":19.20518288399037,"endHours":20.20518288399037,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:12","end":"21:12","startHours":20.20518288399037,"endHours":21.20518288399037,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:12","end":"22:12","startHours":21.20518288399037,"endHours":22.20518288399037,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:12","end":"23:12","startHours":22.20518288399037,"endHours":23.20518288399037,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:12","end":"00:12","startHours":23.20518288399037,"endHours":24.20518288399037,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:12","end":"01:12","startHours":24.20518288399037,"endHours":25.20518288399037,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:12","end":"02:12","startHours":25.20518288399037,"endHours":26.20518288399037,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:12","end":"03:12","startHours":26.20518288399037,"endHours":27.20518288399037,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:12","end":"04:12","startHours":27.20518288399037,"endHours":28.20518288399037,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:12","end":"05:12","startHours":28.20518288399037,"endHours":29.20518288399037,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:12","end":"06:12","startHours":29.20518288399037,"endHours":30.20518288399037,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhūmra","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":18.53281984981674,"eotMinutes":-6.071374512350812,"ayanamsa":22.6038}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1967,"vikram_samvatsara":"Rudhirodgāri","saka_samvat":1832,"saka_samvatsara":"Sādhāraṇa","bengali_samvat":1317,"malayalam_era":1086,"nanakshahi_year":441,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_amanta":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Daśamī · Vikram 1967 Rudhirodgāri · Śaka 1832 Sādhāraṇa"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-04","event":"Mahābhārata Day 1 (Bhagavad Gītā delivered)","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Kṛttikā","url":"/day/-3137-10-04","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-3137-12-25","event":"Bhīṣma's Mahaprasthan","chart_id":"bhishma","shared_marker":"same Kṛttikā","url":"/day/-3137-12-25","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 31, 1910 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 31, 1910 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Daśamī, sūryodaya 06:12, sūryāsta 19:06.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1910-07-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1910-07-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1910-07-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1910-07-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1910-07-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T03:21:11.159Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T03:21:11.159Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T03:21:11.159Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}