{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1909-03-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1909-03-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1909-03-31","date_display":"March 31, 1909 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1909,"month":3,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2418396.770833,"kali_year":5010,"ahargana":1829931.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":347.4882,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":101.3161,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":10,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Daśamī","elongation_degrees":113.8279,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.8279},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3,"moon_longitude":101.3161,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.9828},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":88.8043},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":18,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1909,"month":3,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2418396.770833,"ahargana":1829931.2708,"kali_year":5010,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.5852,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":347.110616,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":103.53851600000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.8836},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":272.14271600000006,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":328.44351600000005,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":134.557816,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":340.988616,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":351.161116,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":61.435,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":241.435,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1909,"month":3,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2418396.770833,"kali_year":5010,"ahargana":1829931.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":347.4882,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":101.3161,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":10,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Daśamī","elongation_degrees":113.8279,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.8279},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3,"moon_longitude":101.3161,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.9828},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":88.8043},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":18,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.884,"elongation":113.828},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.884,"opposition_distance":66.172}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:30","sunsetLocal":"18:46","solarNoonLocal":"12:38","dayLengthHours":12.270193976658,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 16 Mins 13 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 43 Mins 47 Secs","moonriseLocal":"13:57","moonsetLocal":"02:49","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:38","end":"14:10","startHours":12.628141690268109,"endHours":14.161915937350358,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:02","end":"09:34","startHours":8.026818949021358,"endHours":9.560593196103607,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:06","end":"12:38","startHours":11.094367443185858,"endHours":12.628141690268109,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:21","end":"09:46","startHours":9.356089963159308,"endHours":9.765096429047908,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:00","end":"07:20","startHours":7.004302784299858,"endHours":7.3315079570107375,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:13","end":"13:02","startHours":12.219135224379508,"endHours":13.037148156156709,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:51","end":"05:41","startHours":4.8570188383847075,"endHours":5.675031770161908,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:28","end":"06:30","startHours":5.470528537217608,"endHours":6.493044701939108,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:40","end":"15:29","startHours":14.673174019711109,"endHours":15.49118695148831,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:34","end":"18:58","startHours":18.56323867859711,"endHours":18.963238678597108,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:46","end":"19:16","startHours":18.76323867859711,"endHours":19.27449676095786,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:31","end":"20:16","startHours":18.51323867859711,"endHours":20.26323867859711,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:13","end":"01:02","startHours":24.21913522437951,"endHours":25.037148156156707,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"06:30","end":"08:02","startHours":6.493044701939108,"endHours":8.026818949021358,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:02","end":"09:34","startHours":8.026818949021358,"endHours":9.560593196103607,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:34","end":"11:06","startHours":9.560593196103607,"endHours":11.094367443185858,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:06","end":"12:38","startHours":11.094367443185858,"endHours":12.628141690268109,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:38","end":"14:10","startHours":12.628141690268109,"endHours":14.161915937350358,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"14:10","end":"15:42","startHours":14.161915937350358,"endHours":15.695690184432607,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:42","end":"17:14","startHours":15.695690184432607,"endHours":17.22946443151486,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"17:14","end":"18:46","startHours":17.22946443151486,"endHours":18.76323867859711,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:46","end":"20:14","startHours":18.76323867859711,"endHours":20.22946443151486,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:14","end":"21:42","startHours":20.22946443151486,"endHours":21.695690184432607,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:42","end":"23:10","startHours":21.695690184432607,"endHours":23.161915937350358,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"23:10","end":"00:38","startHours":23.161915937350358,"endHours":24.62814169026811,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:38","end":"02:06","startHours":24.62814169026811,"endHours":26.09436744318586,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:06","end":"03:34","startHours":26.09436744318586,"endHours":27.56059319610361,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:34","end":"05:02","startHours":27.56059319610361,"endHours":29.026818949021358,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:02","end":"06:30","startHours":29.026818949021358,"endHours":30.49304470193911,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:30","end":"07:30","startHours":6.493044701939108,"endHours":7.493044701939108,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:30","end":"08:30","startHours":7.493044701939108,"endHours":8.493044701939109,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:30","end":"09:30","startHours":8.493044701939109,"endHours":9.493044701939109,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:30","end":"10:30","startHours":9.493044701939109,"endHours":10.493044701939109,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:30","end":"11:30","startHours":10.493044701939109,"endHours":11.493044701939109,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:30","end":"12:30","startHours":11.493044701939109,"endHours":12.493044701939109,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:30","end":"13:30","startHours":12.493044701939109,"endHours":13.493044701939109,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:30","end":"14:30","startHours":13.493044701939109,"endHours":14.493044701939109,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:30","end":"15:30","startHours":14.493044701939109,"endHours":15.493044701939109,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:30","end":"16:30","startHours":15.493044701939109,"endHours":16.49304470193911,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:30","end":"17:30","startHours":16.49304470193911,"endHours":17.49304470193911,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:30","end":"18:30","startHours":17.49304470193911,"endHours":18.49304470193911,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:30","end":"19:30","startHours":18.49304470193911,"endHours":19.49304470193911,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:30","end":"20:30","startHours":19.49304470193911,"endHours":20.49304470193911,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:30","end":"21:30","startHours":20.49304470193911,"endHours":21.49304470193911,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:30","end":"22:30","startHours":21.49304470193911,"endHours":22.49304470193911,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:30","end":"23:30","startHours":22.49304470193911,"endHours":23.49304470193911,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:30","end":"00:30","startHours":23.49304470193911,"endHours":24.49304470193911,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:30","end":"01:30","startHours":24.49304470193911,"endHours":25.49304470193911,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:30","end":"02:30","startHours":25.49304470193911,"endHours":26.49304470193911,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:30","end":"03:30","startHours":26.49304470193911,"endHours":27.49304470193911,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:30","end":"04:30","startHours":27.49304470193911,"endHours":28.49304470193911,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:30","end":"05:30","startHours":28.49304470193911,"endHours":29.49304470193911,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:30","end":"06:30","startHours":29.49304470193911,"endHours":30.49304470193911,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Śubha","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":3.840837562339045,"eotMinutes":-4.661701416086492,"ayanamsa":22.5852}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1966,"vikram_samvatsara":"Dundubhi","saka_samvat":1831,"saka_samvatsara":"Saumya","bengali_samvat":1316,"malayalam_era":1085,"nanakshahi_year":440,"lunar_month":"Caitra","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Caitra Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_amanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mīna (Paṅkuṇi)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Caitra Śukla Daśamī · Vikram 1966 Dundubhi · Śaka 1831 Saumya"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 31, 1909 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 31, 1909 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Daśamī, sūryodaya 06:30, sūryāsta 18:46.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1909-03-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1909-03-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1909-03-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1909-03-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1909-03-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T03:19:53.263Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T03:19:53.263Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T03:19:53.263Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}