{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1908-07-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1908-07-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1908-07-31","date_display":"July 31, 1908 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1908,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2418153.770833,"kali_year":5010,"ahargana":1829688.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":104.5217,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":137.5545,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":3,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":33.0328,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.0328},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":137.5545,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.2212},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":242.0762},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":5,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1908,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2418153.770833,"ahargana":1829688.2708,"kali_year":5010,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.5759,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":104.83750099999997,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":134.632201,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.0174},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":113.34020099999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":87.349601,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":119.185201,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":74.096901,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":348.766701,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":74.3103,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":254.3103,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1908,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2418153.770833,"kali_year":5010,"ahargana":1829688.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":104.5217,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":137.5545,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":3,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":33.0328,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.0328},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":137.5545,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.2212},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":242.0762},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":5,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.017,"elongation":33.033},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.017,"opposition_distance":146.967}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-17,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-1.093,"opposition_distance":0.89}]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:12","sunsetLocal":"19:06","solarNoonLocal":"12:39","dayLengthHours":12.887574549906326,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 53 Mins 15 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 06 Mins 45 Secs","moonriseLocal":"08:25","moonsetLocal":"20:51","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"11:02","end":"12:39","startHours":11.040689423134221,"endHours":12.651636241872513,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"15:52","end":"17:29","startHours":15.873529879349093,"endHours":17.484476698087384,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:49","end":"09:26","startHours":7.81879578565764,"endHours":9.42974260439593,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:13","end":"09:39","startHours":9.214949695230825,"endHours":9.644535513561037,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:45","end":"07:05","startHours":6.744831239832113,"endHours":7.088499894496282,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:13","end":"13:05","startHours":12.222050423542303,"endHours":13.081222060202723,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:29","end":"05:21","startHours":4.489505693598506,"endHours":5.348677330258927,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:08","end":"06:12","startHours":5.133884421093822,"endHours":6.207848966919349,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:48","end":"15:40","startHours":14.799565333523567,"endHours":15.65873697018399,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:54","end":"19:18","startHours":18.895423516825677,"endHours":19.295423516825675,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:06","end":"19:38","startHours":19.095423516825676,"endHours":19.63240578973844,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:51","end":"20:36","startHours":18.845423516825676,"endHours":20.595423516825676,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:13","end":"01:05","startHours":24.222050423542303,"endHours":25.081222060202723,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"06:12","end":"07:49","startHours":6.207848966919349,"endHours":7.81879578565764,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"07:49","end":"09:26","startHours":7.81879578565764,"endHours":9.42974260439593,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"09:26","end":"11:02","startHours":9.42974260439593,"endHours":11.040689423134221,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"11:02","end":"12:39","startHours":11.040689423134221,"endHours":12.651636241872513,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:39","end":"14:16","startHours":12.651636241872513,"endHours":14.262583060610805,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"14:16","end":"15:52","startHours":14.262583060610805,"endHours":15.873529879349093,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:52","end":"17:29","startHours":15.873529879349093,"endHours":17.484476698087384,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"17:29","end":"19:06","startHours":17.484476698087384,"endHours":19.095423516825676,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"19:06","end":"20:29","startHours":19.095423516825676,"endHours":20.484476698087384,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:29","end":"21:52","startHours":20.484476698087384,"endHours":21.873529879349093,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:52","end":"23:16","startHours":21.873529879349093,"endHours":23.262583060610805,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"23:16","end":"00:39","startHours":23.262583060610805,"endHours":24.651636241872513,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:39","end":"02:02","startHours":24.651636241872513,"endHours":26.04068942313422,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"02:02","end":"03:26","startHours":26.04068942313422,"endHours":27.429742604395933,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:26","end":"04:49","startHours":27.429742604395933,"endHours":28.81879578565764,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"04:49","end":"06:12","startHours":28.81879578565764,"endHours":30.20784896691935,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:12","end":"07:12","startHours":6.207848966919349,"endHours":7.207848966919349,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:12","end":"08:12","startHours":7.207848966919349,"endHours":8.20784896691935,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:12","end":"09:12","startHours":8.20784896691935,"endHours":9.20784896691935,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:12","end":"10:12","startHours":9.20784896691935,"endHours":10.20784896691935,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:12","end":"11:12","startHours":10.20784896691935,"endHours":11.20784896691935,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:12","end":"12:12","startHours":11.20784896691935,"endHours":12.20784896691935,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:12","end":"13:12","startHours":12.20784896691935,"endHours":13.20784896691935,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:12","end":"14:12","startHours":13.20784896691935,"endHours":14.20784896691935,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:12","end":"15:12","startHours":14.20784896691935,"endHours":15.20784896691935,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:12","end":"16:12","startHours":15.20784896691935,"endHours":16.20784896691935,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:12","end":"17:12","startHours":16.20784896691935,"endHours":17.20784896691935,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:12","end":"18:12","startHours":17.20784896691935,"endHours":18.20784896691935,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:12","end":"19:12","startHours":18.20784896691935,"endHours":19.20784896691935,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:12","end":"20:12","startHours":19.20784896691935,"endHours":20.20784896691935,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:12","end":"21:12","startHours":20.20784896691935,"endHours":21.20784896691935,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:12","end":"22:12","startHours":21.20784896691935,"endHours":22.20784896691935,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:12","end":"23:12","startHours":22.20784896691935,"endHours":23.20784896691935,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:12","end":"00:12","startHours":23.20784896691935,"endHours":24.20784896691935,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:12","end":"01:12","startHours":24.20784896691935,"endHours":25.20784896691935,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:12","end":"02:12","startHours":25.20784896691935,"endHours":26.20784896691935,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:12","end":"03:12","startHours":26.20784896691935,"endHours":27.20784896691935,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:12","end":"04:12","startHours":27.20784896691935,"endHours":28.20784896691935,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:12","end":"05:12","startHours":28.20784896691935,"endHours":29.20784896691935,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:12","end":"06:12","startHours":29.20784896691935,"endHours":30.20784896691935,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhūmra","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":18.415635909970685,"eotMinutes":-6.071374512350812,"ayanamsa":22.5759}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1965,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmati","saka_samvat":1830,"saka_samvatsara":"Kīlaka","bengali_samvat":1315,"malayalam_era":1084,"nanakshahi_year":439,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Tṛtīyā · Vikram 1965 Durmati · Śaka 1830 Kīlaka"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 31, 1908 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 31, 1908 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Tṛtīyā, sūryodaya 06:12, sūryāsta 19:06.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1908-07-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1908-07-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1908-07-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1908-07-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1908-07-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-25T20:12:31.163Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-25T20:12:31.163Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-25T20:12:31.163Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}