{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1881-07-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1881-07-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1881-07-28","date_display":"July 28, 1881 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1881,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2408289.770833,"kali_year":4983,"ahargana":1819824.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":102.6079,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":124.8552,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":22.2473,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.2473},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":124.8552,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.8552},"yoga":{"number":18,"name":"Varīyān","sum_longitude":227.4631},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":3,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1881,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2408289.770833,"ahargana":1819824.2708,"kali_year":4983,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.1986,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":102.846678,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":122.671378,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.1688},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":34.85587800000002,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":90.00057800000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":31.725878000000023,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":59.51727800000003,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":20.488477999999986,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":236.9525,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":56.9525,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1881,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2408289.770833,"kali_year":4983,"ahargana":1819824.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":102.6079,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":124.8552,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":22.2473,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.2473},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":124.8552,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.8552},"yoga":{"number":18,"name":"Varīyān","sum_longitude":227.4631},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":3,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.169,"elongation":22.247},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.169,"opposition_distance":157.753}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:12","sunsetLocal":"19:07","solarNoonLocal":"12:39","dayLengthHours":12.914399690502368,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 54 Mins 52 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 05 Mins 08 Secs","moonriseLocal":"07:40","moonsetLocal":"20:17","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:16","end":"15:53","startHours":14.267585839252813,"endHours":15.881885800565612,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"06:12","end":"07:49","startHours":6.196086032688835,"endHours":7.810385994001631,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:25","end":"11:02","startHours":9.424685955314427,"endHours":11.038985916627222,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:13","end":"09:38","startHours":9.20944596047272,"endHours":9.639925950156133,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:44","end":"07:05","startHours":6.7341860197931,"endHours":7.07857001153983,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:13","end":"13:05","startHours":12.222805888256607,"endHours":13.083765867623432,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:28","end":"05:20","startHours":4.474166073955185,"endHours":5.335126053322011,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:07","end":"06:12","startHours":5.119886058480304,"endHours":6.196086032688835,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:48","end":"15:40","startHours":14.805685826357081,"endHours":15.666645805723906,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:55","end":"19:19","startHours":18.910485723191204,"endHours":19.310485723191203,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:07","end":"19:39","startHours":19.110485723191204,"endHours":19.648585710295468,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:52","end":"20:37","startHours":18.860485723191204,"endHours":20.610485723191204,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:13","end":"01:05","startHours":24.22280588825661,"endHours":25.083765867623434,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:12","end":"07:49","startHours":6.196086032688835,"endHours":7.810385994001631,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"07:49","end":"09:25","startHours":7.810385994001631,"endHours":9.424685955314427,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:25","end":"11:02","startHours":9.424685955314427,"endHours":11.038985916627222,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"11:02","end":"12:39","startHours":11.038985916627222,"endHours":12.653285877940018,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:39","end":"14:16","startHours":12.653285877940018,"endHours":14.267585839252813,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"14:16","end":"15:53","startHours":14.267585839252813,"endHours":15.881885800565612,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:53","end":"17:30","startHours":15.881885800565612,"endHours":17.496185761878408,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:30","end":"19:07","startHours":17.496185761878408,"endHours":19.110485723191204,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:07","end":"20:30","startHours":19.110485723191204,"endHours":20.496185761878408,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"20:30","end":"21:53","startHours":20.496185761878408,"endHours":21.881885800565612,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:53","end":"23:16","startHours":21.881885800565612,"endHours":23.267585839252817,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"23:16","end":"00:39","startHours":23.267585839252817,"endHours":24.65328587794002,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:39","end":"02:02","startHours":24.65328587794002,"endHours":26.038985916627226,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:02","end":"03:25","startHours":26.038985916627226,"endHours":27.424685955314427,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:25","end":"04:49","startHours":27.424685955314427,"endHours":28.81038599400163,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"04:49","end":"06:12","startHours":28.81038599400163,"endHours":30.196086032688836,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:12","end":"07:12","startHours":6.196086032688835,"endHours":7.196086032688835,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:12","end":"08:12","startHours":7.196086032688835,"endHours":8.196086032688836,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:12","end":"09:12","startHours":8.196086032688836,"endHours":9.196086032688836,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:12","end":"10:12","startHours":9.196086032688836,"endHours":10.196086032688836,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:12","end":"11:12","startHours":10.196086032688836,"endHours":11.196086032688836,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:12","end":"12:12","startHours":11.196086032688836,"endHours":12.196086032688836,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:12","end":"13:12","startHours":12.196086032688836,"endHours":13.196086032688836,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:12","end":"14:12","startHours":13.196086032688836,"endHours":14.196086032688836,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:12","end":"15:12","startHours":14.196086032688836,"endHours":15.196086032688836,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:12","end":"16:12","startHours":15.196086032688836,"endHours":16.196086032688836,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:12","end":"17:12","startHours":16.196086032688836,"endHours":17.196086032688836,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:12","end":"18:12","startHours":17.196086032688836,"endHours":18.196086032688836,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:12","end":"19:12","startHours":18.196086032688836,"endHours":19.196086032688836,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:12","end":"20:12","startHours":19.196086032688836,"endHours":20.196086032688836,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:12","end":"21:12","startHours":20.196086032688836,"endHours":21.196086032688836,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:12","end":"22:12","startHours":21.196086032688836,"endHours":22.196086032688836,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:12","end":"23:12","startHours":22.196086032688836,"endHours":23.196086032688836,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:12","end":"00:12","startHours":23.196086032688836,"endHours":24.196086032688836,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:12","end":"01:12","startHours":24.196086032688836,"endHours":25.196086032688836,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:12","end":"02:12","startHours":25.196086032688836,"endHours":26.196086032688836,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:12","end":"03:12","startHours":26.196086032688836,"endHours":27.196086032688836,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:12","end":"04:12","startHours":27.196086032688836,"endHours":28.196086032688836,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:12","end":"05:12","startHours":28.196086032688836,"endHours":29.196086032688836,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:12","end":"06:12","startHours":29.196086032688836,"endHours":30.196086032688836,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Cara","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":19.003322137006478,"eotMinutes":-6.170352676401169,"ayanamsa":22.1986}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1938,"vikram_samvatsara":"Jaya","saka_samvat":1803,"saka_samvatsara":"Vṛṣa","bengali_samvat":1288,"malayalam_era":1057,"nanakshahi_year":412,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_amanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Dvitīyā · Vikram 1938 Jaya · Śaka 1803 Vṛṣa"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 28, 1881 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 28, 1881 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 06:12, sūryāsta 19:07.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1881-07-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1881-07-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1881-07-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1881-07-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1881-07-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T00:39:57.394Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T00:39:57.394Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T00:39:57.394Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}