{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1878-09-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1878-09-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1878-09-01","date_display":"September 1, 1878 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1878,"month":9,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2407228.770833,"kali_year":4980,"ahargana":1818763.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":135.8789,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":186.1752,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":50.2963,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.2963},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":186.1752,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.8419},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":322.0541},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":8,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1878,"month":9,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2407228.770833,"ahargana":1818763.2708,"kali_year":4980,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.1581,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":136.27831600000002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":189.45621600000004,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.3031},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":143.743516,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":154.705416,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":277.39501599999994,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":113.79141600000003,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":339.994216,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":293.1694,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":113.1694,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Āśleṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1878,"month":9,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2407228.770833,"kali_year":4980,"ahargana":1818763.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":135.8789,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":186.1752,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":50.2963,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.2963},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":186.1752,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.8419},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":322.0541},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":8,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.303,"elongation":50.296},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.303,"opposition_distance":129.704}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-19,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.421,"opposition_distance":1.908}]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:19","sunsetLocal":"18:46","solarNoonLocal":"12:33","dayLengthHours":12.45626814584438,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 27 Mins 23 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 32 Mins 37 Secs","moonriseLocal":"10:17","moonsetLocal":"21:53","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:13","end":"18:46","startHours":17.213613591173754,"endHours":18.7706471094043,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:33","end":"14:06","startHours":12.54251303648211,"endHours":14.099546554712656,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:39","end":"17:13","startHours":15.656580072943207,"endHours":17.213613591173754,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:13","end":"09:38","startHours":9.22084153092361,"endHours":9.636050469118421,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:50","end":"07:10","startHours":6.833390136303436,"endHours":7.165557286859286,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:08","end":"12:57","startHours":12.127304098287299,"endHours":12.957721974676923,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:39","end":"05:29","startHours":4.65354321078067,"endHours":5.483961087170295,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:17","end":"06:19","startHours":5.276356618072889,"endHours":6.31437896355992,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:37","end":"15:27","startHours":14.618557727456174,"endHours":15.448975603845799,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:34","end":"18:58","startHours":18.5706471094043,"endHours":18.9706471094043,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:46","end":"19:17","startHours":18.7706471094043,"endHours":19.289658282147816,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:31","end":"20:16","startHours":18.5206471094043,"endHours":20.2706471094043,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:08","end":"00:57","startHours":24.1273040982873,"endHours":24.957721974676925,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:19","end":"07:52","startHours":6.31437896355992,"endHours":7.871412481790468,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:52","end":"09:26","startHours":7.871412481790468,"endHours":9.428446000021015,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:26","end":"10:59","startHours":9.428446000021015,"endHours":10.985479518251562,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:59","end":"12:33","startHours":10.985479518251562,"endHours":12.54251303648211,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:33","end":"14:06","startHours":12.54251303648211,"endHours":14.099546554712656,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:06","end":"15:39","startHours":14.099546554712656,"endHours":15.656580072943207,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:39","end":"17:13","startHours":15.656580072943207,"endHours":17.213613591173754,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:13","end":"18:46","startHours":17.213613591173754,"endHours":18.7706471094043,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:46","end":"20:13","startHours":18.7706471094043,"endHours":20.213613591173754,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:13","end":"21:39","startHours":20.213613591173754,"endHours":21.656580072943207,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:39","end":"23:06","startHours":21.656580072943207,"endHours":23.09954655471266,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:06","end":"00:33","startHours":23.09954655471266,"endHours":24.542513036482113,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:33","end":"01:59","startHours":24.542513036482113,"endHours":25.985479518251566,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:59","end":"03:26","startHours":25.985479518251566,"endHours":27.428446000021015,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:26","end":"04:52","startHours":27.428446000021015,"endHours":28.87141248179047,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:52","end":"06:19","startHours":28.87141248179047,"endHours":30.31437896355992,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:19","end":"07:19","startHours":6.31437896355992,"endHours":7.31437896355992,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:19","end":"08:19","startHours":7.31437896355992,"endHours":8.314378963559921,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:19","end":"09:19","startHours":8.314378963559921,"endHours":9.314378963559921,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:19","end":"10:19","startHours":9.314378963559921,"endHours":10.314378963559921,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:19","end":"11:19","startHours":10.314378963559921,"endHours":11.314378963559921,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:19","end":"12:19","startHours":11.314378963559921,"endHours":12.314378963559921,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:19","end":"13:19","startHours":12.314378963559921,"endHours":13.314378963559921,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:19","end":"14:19","startHours":13.314378963559921,"endHours":14.314378963559921,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:19","end":"15:19","startHours":14.314378963559921,"endHours":15.314378963559921,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:19","end":"16:19","startHours":15.314378963559921,"endHours":16.31437896355992,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:19","end":"17:19","startHours":16.31437896355992,"endHours":17.31437896355992,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:19","end":"18:19","startHours":17.31437896355992,"endHours":18.31437896355992,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:19","end":"19:19","startHours":18.31437896355992,"endHours":19.31437896355992,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:19","end":"20:19","startHours":19.31437896355992,"endHours":20.31437896355992,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:19","end":"21:19","startHours":20.31437896355992,"endHours":21.31437896355992,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:19","end":"22:19","startHours":21.31437896355992,"endHours":22.31437896355992,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:19","end":"23:19","startHours":22.31437896355992,"endHours":23.31437896355992,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:19","end":"00:19","startHours":23.31437896355992,"endHours":24.31437896355992,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:19","end":"01:19","startHours":24.31437896355992,"endHours":25.31437896355992,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:19","end":"02:19","startHours":25.31437896355992,"endHours":26.31437896355992,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:19","end":"03:19","startHours":26.31437896355992,"endHours":27.31437896355992,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:19","end":"04:19","startHours":27.31437896355992,"endHours":28.31437896355992,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:19","end":"05:19","startHours":28.31437896355992,"endHours":29.31437896355992,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:19","end":"06:19","startHours":29.31437896355992,"endHours":30.31437896355992,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Padma","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":8.40561728235958,"eotMinutes":0.47601781107335894,"ayanamsa":22.1581}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1935,"vikram_samvatsara":"Khara","saka_samvat":1800,"saka_samvatsara":"Bahudhānya","bengali_samvat":1285,"malayalam_era":1054,"nanakshahi_year":409,"lunar_month":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Bhādrapada Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_amanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Siṃha (Āvaṇi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Bhādrapada Śukla Pañcamī · Vikram 1935 Khara · Śaka 1800 Bahudhānya"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 1, 1878 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 1, 1878 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Pañcamī, sūryodaya 06:19, sūryāsta 18:46.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1878-09-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1878-09-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1878-09-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1878-09-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1878-09-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T11:06:32.542Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T11:06:32.542Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T11:06:32.542Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}