{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kanchipuram:-3130-12-20:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kanchipuram/-3130-12-20","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"-3130-12-20","date_display":"December 20, 3131 BCE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta (Burgess 1860 text, no bīja): Sun and Moon by the equation of the apsis with the 24-sine table","engine_version":"3.0 (text of the Sūrya Siddhānta)","accuracy_note":"Siddhāntic places, not the observed sky. Against the observed sky 1900-2030 the Moon averages -0.06 deg (max 3.6 deg), the Sun -0.21 deg (max 0.6 deg).","tradition_chain":"Sūrya Siddhānta, tr. E. Burgess (JAOS 6, 1860): I.29-47, II.15-45","input":{"year":-3130,"month":12,"day":20,"hour":6.052266666666667,"minute":6.125,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":578178.756431,"kali_year":-28,"ahargana":-10286.7436,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":302.8862,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":176.0238,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":233.1376,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.1376},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":176.0238,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.6905},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":118.9101},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta four-step process (II.43-44), tabular sines, even/odd epicycles, no bīja; verified against Burgess 1860 worked example","engine_version":"4.0 (Pūrṇa — Burgess text, 2026-09-26)","tradition_sources":"Sūrya Siddhānta Ch. I-III, tr. E. Burgess (JAOS 6, 1860)","input":{"year":-3130,"month":12,"day":20,"hour":6.052266666666667,"minute":6.125,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":578178.756431,"ahargana":-10286.7436,"kali_year":-28,"ayanamsa":0.4224,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":302.8862,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":176.0238,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.7046},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":349.738,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":316.6069,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":231.6993,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":349.3483,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":4.7747,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":5.0412,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":185.0412,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta (Burgess 1860 text, no bīja): Sun and Moon by the equation of the apsis with the 24-sine table","engine_version":"3.0 (text of the Sūrya Siddhānta)","accuracy_note":"Siddhāntic places, not the observed sky. Against the observed sky 1900-2030 the Moon averages -0.06 deg (max 3.6 deg), the Sun -0.21 deg (max 0.6 deg).","tradition_chain":"Sūrya Siddhānta, tr. E. Burgess (JAOS 6, 1860): I.29-47, II.15-45","input":{"year":-3130,"month":12,"day":20,"hour":6.052266666666667,"minute":6.125,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":578178.756431,"kali_year":-28,"ahargana":-10286.7436,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":302.8862,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":176.0238,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":233.1376,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.1376},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":176.0238,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.6905},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":118.9101},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.705,"elongation":126.862},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.705,"opposition_distance":53.138}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kanchipuram","name":"Kāñcīpuram","lat":12.8342,"lon":79.7036,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kanchipuram","name":"Kāñcīpuram","lat":12.8342,"lon":79.7036,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"06:36","sunsetLocal":"17:59","solarNoonLocal":"12:17","dayLengthHours":11.375176090747118,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 22 Mins 31 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 37 Mins 29 Secs","moonriseLocal":"22:16","moonsetLocal":"09:50","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:01","end":"09:27","startHours":8.023984075989574,"endHours":9.445881087332964},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:52","end":"12:17","startHours":10.867778098676354,"endHours":12.289675110019743},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:43","end":"15:08","startHours":13.711572121363133,"endHours":15.133469132706523},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:55","end":"12:40","startHours":11.916666666666666,"endHours":12.666666666666666},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:55","end":"05:46","startHours":4.916666666666667,"endHours":5.766666666666667},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:53","end":"18:05","startHours":17.883333333333333,"endHours":18.083333333333332},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśītha","start":"23:52","end":"00:43","startHours":23.866666666666667,"endHours":24.716666666666665},"sourcedMuhurtas":{"success":true,"date":"-3130-12-20","sunrise":"06:36","sunset":"17:59","timezone":"UTC+5.5","calculation_method":"surya_siddhanta (II.59-63, II.46)","rahu_kalam":{"name":"Rāhu Kālam","sanskrit":"राहु काल","start":"08:01","end":"09:27","duration_minutes":85.3,"rule":"part 2 of the day's 8 (Sun 8, Mon 2, Tue 7, Wed 5, Thu 6, Fri 4, Sat 3)","source":"South Indian almanac table (Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala); no verse found in BPHS, Bṛhatsaṃhitā, Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Muhūrta-mārtaṇḍa, Nārada-saṃhitā, Phaladīpikā, Dharmasindhu, Nirṇayasindhu or Praśna-mārga","sources_say":["Uttara-kālāmṛta 2.29 (post-16th century; read in P. S. Sastri's English): not to bathe in the sea during it. The editor: \"Standard texts have no mention of it.\""],"evidence":"regional convention"},"yamaganda_kalam":{"name":"Yamaghaṇṭaka (Yamagaṇḍa) Kālam","sanskrit":"यमघण्टक","start":"10:52","end":"12:17","duration_minutes":85.3,"rule":"Jupiter's eighth of the day: part 4 of 8, counted from Moon","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: listed with Ardhapraharam and Kālan as periods to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.19-20 (as a natal upagraha): Yamakaṇṭaka acts like Jupiter, the strongest of the upagrahas at giving good","Muhūrtacintāmaṇi 1.37-39 counts a Yamaghaṇṭa among the faulty moments (duṣṭakṣaṇa), in sixteenths of the day: the second half of this eighth"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},"gulika_kalam":{"name":"Gulika Kālam","sanskrit":"गुलिक","start":"13:43","end":"15:08","duration_minutes":85.3,"rule":"Saturn's eighth of the day: part 6 of 8, counted from Moon","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 34 (tr. N. P. Subramania Iyer, 1917): for harvest, trade, medical treatment and the study of the Vedas \"Gulika has no evil force\"; ch. 33 note: \"Gulika is not considered inauspicious\"","Phaladīpikā 25.20 (as a natal upagraha): Gulika acts like Saturn"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},"brahma_muhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","sanskrit":"ब्रह्म मुहूर्त","start":"04:55","end":"05:46","duration_minutes":50.5,"rule":"the 14th fifteenth of the night ending at this sunrise","source":"Manusmṛti 4.92; Aṣṭāṅgahṛdaya Sūtra 2.1, with Aruṇadatta and Hemādri","sources_say":["Manusmṛti 4.92: \"brāhme muhūrte budhyeta\" (one should wake in the brāhma muhūrta and reflect on dharma and the Veda)","Aṣṭāṅgahṛdaya Sūtra 2.1: \"brāhme muhūrta uttiṣṭhet svastho rakṣārtham āyuṣaḥ\" (the healthy should rise then, to protect life)","Aruṇadatta: \"rātreś caturdaśo muhūrto brāhmo muhūrtaḥ\"; Hemādri: \"rātreś copāntyo muhūrto brāhmaḥ\" (wording through a journal article)"],"evidence":"secondary","note":"Manu and Vāgbhaṭa name it; the 14th of the night is the commentators' definition"},"abhijit_muhurta":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","sanskrit":"अभिजित् मुहूर्त","start":"11:55","end":"12:40","duration_minutes":45.5,"rule":"the 8th fifteenth of the day, around midday","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.7-8; Muhūrta-gaṇapati 83-86; Nārada-saṃhitā 9.4-5","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.8: \"tena yānam apahāya dakṣiṇāṃ sarvadikṣv abhijit praśasyate\" (under Abhijit, travel in every direction but the south is praised)","Muhūrta-gaṇapati 83-84: in Abhijit, even where faults exist, one may do all auspicious work except travel to the south","Vālmīki-Rāmāyaṇa 6.4.3 calls the midday muhūrta Vijaya (\"yukto muhūrto vijayaḥ prāpto madhyaṃ divākaraḥ\")"],"evidence":"verse read"},"nishitha":{"name":"Niśītha","sanskrit":"निशीथ","start":"23:52","end":"00:43","duration_minutes":50.5,"rule":"the 8th fifteenth of the night: the middle of the night (not clock midnight)","source":"Dharmasindhu; Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Yātrā 11.54","sources_say":["Dharmasindhu: niśītha is the middle of the night, finely the 8th muhūrta; the instant at which a tithi is taken for night observances","Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Yātrā 11.54: for travel, niśītha except toward the north"],"evidence":"verse read (OCR)"},"godhuli":{"name":"Godhūli","sanskrit":"गोधूलि","start":"17:53","end":"18:05","duration_minutes":12,"rule":"15 pala before and after the half-set Sun (the text's sunset is the Sun's centre on the horizon)","source":"Muhūrta-mārtaṇḍa, Vivāha 38 (citing the Jyotirnibandha); Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Vivāha 6.100-101","sources_say":["Muhūrtacintāmaṇi 6.100: \"godhūliḥ sā munibhir uditā sarvakāryeṣu praśastā\" (the sages declared godhūli praised for all works)","Muhūrta-mārtaṇḍa, Vivāha 38: a lagna for marriage when no other good lagna is available","Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Yātrā 11.54: for travel, godhūli except toward the west"],"evidence":"verse read (OCR)","note":"MC 6.101 places the instant by season (in hemanta the rayless disk, in the hot season the half-set Sun, in the rains the Sun fully set); the half-set form is given"},"kala_vela":{"day":[{"name":"Gulika (day)","sanskrit":"गुलिक","start":"13:43","end":"15:08","duration_minutes":85.3,"rule":"Saturn's eighth of the day: part 6 of 8, counted from Moon","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 34 (tr. N. P. Subramania Iyer, 1917): for harvest, trade, medical treatment and the study of the Vedas \"Gulika has no evil force\"; ch. 33 note: \"Gulika is not considered inauspicious\"","Phaladīpikā 25.20 (as a natal upagraha): Gulika acts like Saturn"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Yamaghaṇṭaka (day)","sanskrit":"यमघण्टक","start":"10:52","end":"12:17","duration_minutes":85.3,"rule":"Jupiter's eighth of the day: part 4 of 8, counted from Moon","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: listed with Ardhapraharam and Kālan as periods to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.19-20 (as a natal upagraha): Yamakaṇṭaka acts like Jupiter, the strongest of the upagrahas at giving good","Muhūrtacintāmaṇi 1.37-39 counts a Yamaghaṇṭa among the faulty moments (duṣṭakṣaṇa), in sixteenths of the day: the second half of this eighth"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Kāla (day)","sanskrit":"काल","start":"15:08","end":"16:33","duration_minutes":85.3,"rule":"Sun's eighth of the day: part 7 of 8, counted from Moon","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: Kālan, to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.20: acts like Rāhu"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Mṛtyu (day)","sanskrit":"मृत्यु","start":"08:01","end":"09:27","duration_minutes":85.3,"rule":"Mars's eighth of the day: part 2 of 8, counted from Moon","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Ardhaprahara (day)","sanskrit":"अर्धप्रहर","start":"09:27","end":"10:52","duration_minutes":85.3,"rule":"Mercury's eighth of the day: part 3 of 8, counted from Moon","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: Ardhapraharam, to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.20: acts like Mercury"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"}],"night":[{"name":"Gulika (night)","sanskrit":"गुलिक","start":"19:33","end":"21:08","duration_minutes":94.7,"rule":"Saturn's eighth of the night: part 2 of 8, counted from Venus","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 34 (tr. N. P. Subramania Iyer, 1917): for harvest, trade, medical treatment and the study of the Vedas \"Gulika has no evil force\"; ch. 33 note: \"Gulika is not considered inauspicious\"","Phaladīpikā 25.20 (as a natal upagraha): Gulika acts like Saturn"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Yamaghaṇṭaka (night)","sanskrit":"यमघण्टक","start":"03:27","end":"05:01","duration_minutes":94.7,"rule":"Jupiter's eighth of the night: part 7 of 8, counted from Venus","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: listed with Ardhapraharam and Kālan as periods to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.19-20 (as a natal upagraha): Yamakaṇṭaka acts like Jupiter, the strongest of the upagrahas at giving good","Muhūrtacintāmaṇi 1.37-39 counts a Yamaghaṇṭa among the faulty moments (duṣṭakṣaṇa), in sixteenths of the day: the second half of this eighth"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Kāla (night)","sanskrit":"काल","start":"21:08","end":"22:43","duration_minutes":94.7,"rule":"Sun's eighth of the night: part 3 of 8, counted from Venus","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: Kālan, to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.20: acts like Rāhu"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Mṛtyu (night)","sanskrit":"मृत्यु","start":"00:17","end":"01:52","duration_minutes":94.7,"rule":"Mars's eighth of the night: part 5 of 8, counted from Venus","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Ardhaprahara (night)","sanskrit":"अर्धप्रहर","start":"01:52","end":"03:27","duration_minutes":94.7,"rule":"Mercury's eighth of the night: part 6 of 8, counted from Venus","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: Ardhapraharam, to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.20: acts like Mercury"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"}]},"day_muhurtas":[{"name":"Śiva","sanskrit":"शिव","deity":"Śiva","start":"06:36","end":"07:22","duration_minutes":45.5,"rule":"the 1th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Bhujaga","sanskrit":"भुजग","deity":"Bhujaga","start":"07:22","end":"08:07","duration_minutes":45.5,"rule":"the 2th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Mitra","sanskrit":"मित्र","deity":"Mitra","start":"08:07","end":"08:53","duration_minutes":45.5,"rule":"the 3th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Pitṛ","sanskrit":"पितृ","deity":"Pitṛ","start":"08:53","end":"09:38","duration_minutes":45.5,"rule":"the 4th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Vasu","sanskrit":"वसु","deity":"Vasu","start":"09:38","end":"10:24","duration_minutes":45.5,"rule":"the 5th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Jala","sanskrit":"जल","deity":"Jala","start":"10:24","end":"11:09","duration_minutes":45.5,"rule":"the 6th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Viśva","sanskrit":"विश्व","deity":"Viśva","start":"11:09","end":"11:55","duration_minutes":45.5,"rule":"the 7th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Viriñci (Abhijit)","sanskrit":"विरिञ्चि","deity":"Viriñci (Abhijit)","start":"11:55","end":"12:40","duration_minutes":45.5,"rule":"the 8th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Paṅkajaprabhava (Brahmā)","sanskrit":"पङ्कजप्रभव","deity":"Paṅkajaprabhava (Brahmā)","start":"12:40","end":"13:26","duration_minutes":45.5,"rule":"the 9th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Indra","sanskrit":"इन्द्र","deity":"Indra","start":"13:26","end":"14:11","duration_minutes":45.5,"rule":"the 10th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Indrāgnī","sanskrit":"इन्द्राग्नी","deity":"Indrāgnī","start":"14:11","end":"14:57","duration_minutes":45.5,"rule":"the 11th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Niśācara","sanskrit":"निशाचर","deity":"Niśācara","start":"14:57","end":"15:42","duration_minutes":45.5,"rule":"the 12th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Varuṇa","sanskrit":"वरुण","deity":"Varuṇa","start":"15:42","end":"16:28","duration_minutes":45.5,"rule":"the 13th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Aryaman","sanskrit":"अर्यमन्","deity":"Aryaman","start":"16:28","end":"17:13","duration_minutes":45.5,"rule":"the 14th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Yoni (Bhaga)","sanskrit":"योनि","deity":"Yoni (Bhaga)","start":"17:13","end":"17:59","duration_minutes":45.5,"rule":"the 15th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"}],"night_muhurtas":[{"name":"Rudra","sanskrit":"रुद्र","deity":"Rudra","start":"17:59","end":"18:49","duration_minutes":50.5,"rule":"the 1th fifteenth of the 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read"},{"name":"Pūṣan","sanskrit":"पूषन्","deity":"Pūṣan","start":"20:30","end":"21:21","duration_minutes":50.5,"rule":"the 4th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Dasra","sanskrit":"दस्र","deity":"Dasra","start":"21:21","end":"22:11","duration_minutes":50.5,"rule":"the 5th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Antaka","sanskrit":"अन्तक","deity":"Antaka","start":"22:11","end":"23:02","duration_minutes":50.5,"rule":"the 6th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Agni","sanskrit":"अग्नि","deity":"Agni","start":"23:02","end":"23:52","duration_minutes":50.5,"rule":"the 7th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Dhātṛ","sanskrit":"धातृ","deity":"Dhātṛ","start":"23:52","end":"00:43","duration_minutes":50.5,"rule":"the 8th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Indu","sanskrit":"इन्दु","deity":"Indu","start":"00:43","end":"01:33","duration_minutes":50.5,"rule":"the 9th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Aditi","sanskrit":"अदिति","deity":"Aditi","start":"01:33","end":"02:24","duration_minutes":50.5,"rule":"the 10th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Guru","sanskrit":"गुरु","deity":"Guru","start":"02:24","end":"03:14","duration_minutes":50.5,"rule":"the 11th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Hari","sanskrit":"हरि","deity":"Hari","start":"03:14","end":"04:05","duration_minutes":50.5,"rule":"the 12th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Ravi","sanskrit":"रवि","deity":"Ravi","start":"04:05","end":"04:55","duration_minutes":50.5,"rule":"the 13th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Tvaṣṭṛ","sanskrit":"त्वष्टृ","deity":"Tvaṣṭṛ","start":"04:55","end":"05:45","duration_minutes":50.5,"rule":"the 14th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Anila","sanskrit":"अनिल","deity":"Anila","start":"05:45","end":"06:36","duration_minutes":50.5,"rule":"the 15th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"}],"vara_lord":"Chandra","vara_sanskrit":"सोमवार","not_computed":[{"name":"Vijaya muhūrta as \"the second half of the 7th muhūrta\"","reason":"no source; Rāmāyaṇa 6.4.3 calls the midday muhūrta Vijaya (see Abhijit)"},{"name":"Amṛta kāla by weekday","reason":"no source for a weekday table; the amṛta-ghaṭikā of the sources is by nakṣatra and is not yet read from a primary text"},{"name":"Durmuhūrta (Muhūrtacintāmaṇi 1.38-39)","reason":"the weekday table is partly unreadable in the scans (Tuesday and Thursday)"}],"sources":"docs/MUHURTA_SOURCES.md"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:36","end":"08:01","startHours":6.6020870646461844,"endHours":8.023984075989574},{"name":"Kāla","start":"08:01","end":"09:27","startHours":8.023984075989574,"endHours":9.445881087332964},{"name":"Śubha","start":"09:27","end":"10:52","startHours":9.445881087332964,"endHours":10.867778098676354},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:52","end":"12:17","startHours":10.867778098676354,"endHours":12.289675110019743},{"name":"Udvega","start":"12:17","end":"13:43","startHours":12.289675110019743,"endHours":13.711572121363133},{"name":"Cara","start":"13:43","end":"15:08","startHours":13.711572121363133,"endHours":15.133469132706523},{"name":"Lābha","start":"15:08","end":"16:33","startHours":15.133469132706523,"endHours":16.555366144049913},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"16:33","end":"17:59","startHours":16.555366144049913,"endHours":17.977263155393302}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Cara","start":"17:59","end":"19:33","startHours":17.977263155393302,"endHours":19.555366144049913},{"name":"Lābha","start":"19:33","end":"21:08","startHours":19.555366144049913,"endHours":21.133469132706523},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:08","end":"22:43","startHours":21.133469132706523,"endHours":22.711572121363133},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:43","end":"00:17","startHours":22.711572121363133,"endHours":24.289675110019743},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:17","end":"01:52","startHours":24.289675110019743,"endHours":25.867778098676354},{"name":"Roga","start":"01:52","end":"03:27","startHours":25.867778098676354,"endHours":27.445881087332964},{"name":"Udvega","start":"03:27","end":"05:01","startHours":27.445881087332964,"endHours":29.023984075989574},{"name":"Cara","start":"05:01","end":"06:36","startHours":29.023984075989574,"endHours":30.602087064646184}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:36","end":"07:36","startHours":6.6020870646461844,"endHours":7.6020870646461844,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:36","end":"08:36","startHours":7.6020870646461844,"endHours":8.602087064646184,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:36","end":"09:36","startHours":8.602087064646184,"endHours":9.602087064646184,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:36","end":"10:36","startHours":9.602087064646184,"endHours":10.602087064646184,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:36","end":"11:36","startHours":10.602087064646184,"endHours":11.602087064646184,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:36","end":"12:36","startHours":11.602087064646184,"endHours":12.602087064646184,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:36","end":"13:36","startHours":12.602087064646184,"endHours":13.602087064646184,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:36","end":"14:36","startHours":13.602087064646184,"endHours":14.602087064646184,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:36","end":"15:36","startHours":14.602087064646184,"endHours":15.602087064646184,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:36","end":"16:36","startHours":15.602087064646184,"endHours":16.602087064646184,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:36","end":"17:36","startHours":16.602087064646184,"endHours":17.602087064646184,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:36","end":"18:36","startHours":17.602087064646184,"endHours":18.602087064646184,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:36","end":"19:36","startHours":18.602087064646184,"endHours":19.602087064646184,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:36","end":"20:36","startHours":19.602087064646184,"endHours":20.602087064646184,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:36","end":"21:36","startHours":20.602087064646184,"endHours":21.602087064646184,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:36","end":"22:36","startHours":21.602087064646184,"endHours":22.602087064646184,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:36","end":"23:36","startHours":22.602087064646184,"endHours":23.602087064646184,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:36","end":"00:36","startHours":23.602087064646184,"endHours":24.602087064646184,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:36","end":"01:36","startHours":24.602087064646184,"endHours":25.602087064646184,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:36","end":"02:36","startHours":25.602087064646184,"endHours":26.602087064646184,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:36","end":"03:36","startHours":26.602087064646184,"endHours":27.602087064646184,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:36","end":"04:36","startHours":27.602087064646184,"endHours":28.602087064646184,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:36","end":"05:36","startHours":28.602087064646184,"endHours":29.602087064646184,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:36","end":"06:36","startHours":29.602087064646184,"endHours":30.602087064646184,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"day_star":"Citrā","by_tara":[{"number":1,"name":"Janma","janma_stars":["Mṛgaśirā","Citrā","Dhaniṣṭhā"]},{"number":2,"name":"Sampat","janma_stars":["Rohiṇī","Hasta","Śravaṇa"]},{"number":3,"name":"Vipat","janma_stars":["Kṛttikā","Uttara Phalgunī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā"]},{"number":4,"name":"Kṣema","janma_stars":["Bharaṇī","Pūrva Phalgunī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā"]},{"number":5,"name":"Pratyari","janma_stars":["Aśvinī","Maghā","Mūla"]},{"number":6,"name":"Sādhaka","janma_stars":["Aśleṣā","Jyeṣṭhā","Revatī"]},{"number":7,"name":"Vadha","janma_stars":["Puṣya","Anurādhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"]},{"number":8,"name":"Maitra","janma_stars":["Punarvasu","Viśākhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"]},{"number":9,"name":"Atimaitra","janma_stars":["Ārdrā","Svātī","Śatabhiṣaj"]}],"rule":"Counted from the janma star to the day's star, in three rounds of nine","source":"Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Gocara 11-12","sources_say":"\"tārā nāmasadṛkphalāḥ\": each tārā gives fruit like its name (v.12)"},"chandraBala":{"moon_rashi":"Kanyā","rows":[{"janma_rashi":"Meṣa","house":6,"place":"v.1","vedha_from_house":12,"vedha_by":["Mars","Venus"]},{"janma_rashi":"Vṛṣabha","house":5,"place":null,"vedha_from_house":null,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Mithuna","house":4,"place":null,"vedha_from_house":null,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Karka","house":3,"place":"v.1","vedha_from_house":9,"vedha_by":["Mars","Venus"]},{"janma_rashi":"Siṃha","house":2,"place":null,"vedha_from_house":null,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Kanyā","house":1,"place":"v.1","vedha_from_house":5,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Tulā","house":12,"place":null,"vedha_from_house":null,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Vṛścika","house":11,"place":"v.1","vedha_from_house":8,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Dhanu","house":10,"place":"v.1","vedha_from_house":4,"vedha_by":["Mars","Venus"]},{"janma_rashi":"Makara","house":9,"place":null,"vedha_from_house":null,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Kumbha","house":8,"place":null,"vedha_from_house":null,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Mīna","house":7,"place":"v.1","vedha_from_house":2,"vedha_by":["Saturn","Rāhu"]}],"rule":"The Moon's house counted from the janma rāśi; the places of v.1 with their vedha houses, and in the bright half those of v.4","source":"Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Gocara 1-4","not_computed":"the vedha of the v.4 places (the ṭīkā gives 6, 8, 4; not checked against a second edition)"},"dishaShool":"East","dishaShoolSource":"Nārada-saṃhitā 33.5 (and Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Yātrā 10): \"na vrajet\", one should not set out that way on that weekday","chandraVasa":"South","chandraVasaSource":"Nārada-saṃhitā 33.8: the rāśis from Meṣa in turn to the four quarters from the east; the Moon dwells in her rāśi's quarter","rahuVasa":null,"rahuVasaNotComputed":"Rāhu-vāsa by weekday: no classical verse found (Muhūrtacintāmaṇi has only the nakṣatra-based Pathi-Rāhu-cakra, Yātrā 18); an almanac convention, not shown","anandadiYoga":{"number":10,"name":"Mudgara","star":"Citrā","counted_from":"Mṛgaśiras","excluded_ghatis":5,"rule":"Counted from the weekday's star to the day's star, Abhijit included 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walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":true,"location_specific":"kanchipuram"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 20, 3131 BCE · Kāñcīpuram · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 20, 3131 BCE for Kāñcīpuram: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 06:36, sūryāsta 17:59.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kanchipuram/-3130-12-20","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kanchipuram/-3130-12-20","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kanchipuram/-3130-12-20","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kanchipuram/-3130-12-20","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kanchipuram/-3130-12-20"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-10-09T04:26:58.493Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Sūrya Siddhānta: sunrise II.59-63, declination II.28, apparent time II.46, ayanāṃśa III.9-10","retrieved_at":"2026-10-09T04:26:58.493Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-10-09T04:26:58.493Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a 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