{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:jamnagar:2031-07-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2031-07-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2031-07-28","date_display":"July 28, 2031 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2031,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2463075.770833,"kali_year":5133,"ahargana":1874610.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":99.9357,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":201.0358,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":9,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Navamī","elongation_degrees":101.1002,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.1002},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":201.0358,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.0358},"yoga":{"number":23,"name":"Śubha","sum_longitude":300.9715},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":16,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2031,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2463075.770833,"ahargana":1874610.2708,"kali_year":5133,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.294,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.52025000000003,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":198.08625000000006,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-1.0182},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":200.70925,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":121.71735000000001,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":235.39045,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":120.58535,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":54.60175000000004,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":214.1266,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":34.1266,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2031,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2463075.770833,"kali_year":5133,"ahargana":1874610.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":99.9357,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":201.0358,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":9,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Navamī","elongation_degrees":101.1002,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.1002},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":201.0358,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.0358},"yoga":{"number":23,"name":"Śubha","sum_longitude":300.9715},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":16,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.018,"elongation":101.1},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.018,"opposition_distance":78.9}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"jamnagar","name":"Jamnagar, Gujarat","lat":22.4707,"lon":70.0577,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"jamnagar","name":"Jamnagar, Gujarat","lat":22.4707,"lon":70.0577,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:19","sunsetLocal":"19:33","solarNoonLocal":"12:56","dayLengthHours":13.22402871359936,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 13 Mins 27 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 46 Mins 33 Secs","moonriseLocal":"13:50","moonsetLocal":"01:02","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"07:58","end":"09:38","startHours":7.97331511034026,"endHours":9.62631869954018,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"11:17","end":"12:56","startHours":11.2793222887401,"endHours":12.93232587794002,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:35","end":"16:14","startHours":14.585329467139939,"endHours":16.23833305633986,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:24","end":"09:51","startHours":9.40591822098019,"endHours":9.84671917810017,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:52","end":"07:13","startHours":6.871312717540313,"endHours":7.223953483236296,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:29","end":"13:22","startHours":12.49152492082004,"endHours":13.373126835059999,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:33","end":"05:26","startHours":4.557107692660425,"endHours":5.438709606900383,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:13","end":"06:19","startHours":5.218309128340394,"endHours":6.32031152114034,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"15:08","end":"16:01","startHours":15.136330663539912,"endHours":16.01793257777987,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:21","end":"19:45","startHours":19.3443402347397,"endHours":19.7443402347397,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:33","end":"20:06","startHours":19.5443402347397,"endHours":20.095341431139673,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:18","end":"21:03","startHours":19.2943402347397,"endHours":21.0443402347397,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:29","end":"01:22","startHours":24.49152492082004,"endHours":25.37312683506,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:19","end":"07:58","startHours":6.32031152114034,"endHours":7.97331511034026,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:58","end":"09:38","startHours":7.97331511034026,"endHours":9.62631869954018,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"09:38","end":"11:17","startHours":9.62631869954018,"endHours":11.2793222887401,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"11:17","end":"12:56","startHours":11.2793222887401,"endHours":12.93232587794002,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:56","end":"14:35","startHours":12.93232587794002,"endHours":14.585329467139939,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"14:35","end":"16:14","startHours":14.585329467139939,"endHours":16.23833305633986,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:14","end":"17:53","startHours":16.23833305633986,"endHours":17.89133664553978,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:53","end":"19:33","startHours":17.89133664553978,"endHours":19.5443402347397,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"19:33","end":"20:53","startHours":19.5443402347397,"endHours":20.89133664553978,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:53","end":"22:14","startHours":20.89133664553978,"endHours":22.23833305633986,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:14","end":"23:35","startHours":22.23833305633986,"endHours":23.58532946713994,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"23:35","end":"00:56","startHours":23.58532946713994,"endHours":24.93232587794002,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:56","end":"02:17","startHours":24.93232587794002,"endHours":26.2793222887401,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"02:17","end":"03:38","startHours":26.2793222887401,"endHours":27.626318699540178,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:38","end":"04:58","startHours":27.626318699540178,"endHours":28.97331511034026,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"04:58","end":"06:19","startHours":28.97331511034026,"endHours":30.32031152114034,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:19","end":"07:19","startHours":6.32031152114034,"endHours":7.32031152114034,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:19","end":"08:19","startHours":7.32031152114034,"endHours":8.32031152114034,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:19","end":"09:19","startHours":8.32031152114034,"endHours":9.32031152114034,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:19","end":"10:19","startHours":9.32031152114034,"endHours":10.32031152114034,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:19","end":"11:19","startHours":10.32031152114034,"endHours":11.32031152114034,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:19","end":"12:19","startHours":11.32031152114034,"endHours":12.32031152114034,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:19","end":"13:19","startHours":12.32031152114034,"endHours":13.32031152114034,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:19","end":"14:19","startHours":13.32031152114034,"endHours":14.32031152114034,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:19","end":"15:19","startHours":14.32031152114034,"endHours":15.32031152114034,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:19","end":"16:19","startHours":15.32031152114034,"endHours":16.32031152114034,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:19","end":"17:19","startHours":16.32031152114034,"endHours":17.32031152114034,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:19","end":"18:19","startHours":17.32031152114034,"endHours":18.32031152114034,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:19","end":"19:19","startHours":18.32031152114034,"endHours":19.32031152114034,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:19","end":"20:19","startHours":19.32031152114034,"endHours":20.32031152114034,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:19","end":"21:19","startHours":20.32031152114034,"endHours":21.32031152114034,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:19","end":"22:19","startHours":21.32031152114034,"endHours":22.32031152114034,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:19","end":"23:19","startHours":22.32031152114034,"endHours":23.32031152114034,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:19","end":"00:19","startHours":23.32031152114034,"endHours":24.32031152114034,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:19","end":"01:19","startHours":24.32031152114034,"endHours":25.32031152114034,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:19","end":"02:19","startHours":25.32031152114034,"endHours":26.32031152114034,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:19","end":"03:19","startHours":26.32031152114034,"endHours":27.32031152114034,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:19","end":"04:19","startHours":27.32031152114034,"endHours":28.32031152114034,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:19","end":"05:19","startHours":28.32031152114034,"endHours":29.32031152114034,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:19","end":"06:19","startHours":29.32031152114034,"endHours":30.32031152114034,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Śubha","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":19.058976174306824,"eotMinutes":-6.170352676401169,"ayanamsa":24.294}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2088,"vikram_samvatsara":"Raktākṣī","saka_samvat":1953,"saka_samvatsara":"Virodhakṛt","bengali_samvat":1438,"malayalam_era":1207,"nanakshahi_year":562,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Navamī · Vikram 2088 Raktākṣī · Śaka 1953 Virodhakṛt"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-1626101-04-03","event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","chart_id":"rama","shared_marker":"same Śukla Navamī","url":"/day/-1626101-04-03","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-0562-04-11","event":"Bhagavān Buddha's birth at Lumbinī","chart_id":"buddha","shared_marker":"same Viśākhā","url":"/day/-0562-04-11","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"jamnagar"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 28, 2031 CE · Jamnagar, Gujarat · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 28, 2031 CE for Jamnagar, Gujarat: Śukla Navamī, sūryodaya 06:19, sūryāsta 19:33.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2031-07-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2031-07-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2031-07-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2031-07-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2031-07-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T21:09:00.486Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T21:09:00.486Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T21:09:00.486Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}