{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:jamnagar:2028-04-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2028-04-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2028-04-16","date_display":"April 16, 2028 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":4,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461877.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873412.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":2.3923,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":263.6123,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":261.22,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.22},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":263.6123,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.2789},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":266.0045},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":43,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2028,"month":4,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461877.770833,"ahargana":1873412.2708,"kali_year":5130,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2482,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":2.3324230000000057,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":265.11232300000006,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-1.0868},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":356.328123,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":6.403023000000019,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":144.298423,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":45.167723000000024,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":6.14052300000003,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":277.6024,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":97.6024,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":4,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461877.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873412.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":2.3923,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":263.6123,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":261.22,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.22},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":263.6123,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.2789},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":266.0045},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":43,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.087,"elongation":98.78},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.087,"opposition_distance":81.22}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"jamnagar","name":"Jamnagar, Gujarat","lat":22.4707,"lon":70.0577,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"jamnagar","name":"Jamnagar, Gujarat","lat":22.4707,"lon":70.0577,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:29","sunsetLocal":"19:11","solarNoonLocal":"12:50","dayLengthHours":12.694557252166614,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 41 Mins 40 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 18 Mins 20 Secs","moonriseLocal":"00:57","moonsetLocal":"11:45","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:35","end":"19:11","startHours":17.58969078428584,"endHours":19.176510440806666,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:50","end":"14:25","startHours":12.829231814723357,"endHours":14.416051471244185,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"16:00","end":"17:35","startHours":16.00287112776501,"endHours":17.58969078428584,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:27","end":"09:52","startHours":9.444016547478927,"endHours":9.867168455884482,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:01","end":"07:21","startHours":7.010893074146994,"endHours":7.3494146008714365,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:24","end":"13:15","startHours":12.406079906317805,"endHours":13.252383723128913,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:47","end":"05:38","startHours":4.789345555017835,"endHours":5.6356493718289435,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:25","end":"06:29","startHours":5.4240734176261665,"endHours":6.481953188640051,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:57","end":"15:47","startHours":14.944991356751128,"endHours":15.791295173562236,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:59","end":"19:23","startHours":18.976510440806667,"endHours":19.376510440806666,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:11","end":"19:42","startHours":19.176510440806666,"endHours":19.70545032631361,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:56","end":"20:41","startHours":18.926510440806666,"endHours":20.676510440806666,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:24","end":"01:15","startHours":24.406079906317803,"endHours":25.25238372312891,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:29","end":"08:04","startHours":6.481953188640051,"endHours":8.068772845160877,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:04","end":"09:39","startHours":8.068772845160877,"endHours":9.655592501681705,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:39","end":"11:15","startHours":9.655592501681705,"endHours":11.24241215820253,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:15","end":"12:50","startHours":11.24241215820253,"endHours":12.829231814723357,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:50","end":"14:25","startHours":12.829231814723357,"endHours":14.416051471244185,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:25","end":"16:00","startHours":14.416051471244185,"endHours":16.00287112776501,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:00","end":"17:35","startHours":16.00287112776501,"endHours":17.58969078428584,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:35","end":"19:11","startHours":17.58969078428584,"endHours":19.176510440806666,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:11","end":"20:35","startHours":19.176510440806666,"endHours":20.58969078428584,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:35","end":"22:00","startHours":20.58969078428584,"endHours":22.00287112776501,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:00","end":"23:25","startHours":22.00287112776501,"endHours":23.416051471244188,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:25","end":"00:50","startHours":23.416051471244188,"endHours":24.829231814723357,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:50","end":"02:15","startHours":24.829231814723357,"endHours":26.242412158202534,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:15","end":"03:39","startHours":26.242412158202534,"endHours":27.655592501681706,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:39","end":"05:04","startHours":27.655592501681706,"endHours":29.06877284516088,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:04","end":"06:29","startHours":29.06877284516088,"endHours":30.481953188640052,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:29","end":"07:29","startHours":6.481953188640051,"endHours":7.481953188640051,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:29","end":"08:29","startHours":7.481953188640051,"endHours":8.481953188640052,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:29","end":"09:29","startHours":8.481953188640052,"endHours":9.481953188640052,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:29","end":"10:29","startHours":9.481953188640052,"endHours":10.481953188640052,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:29","end":"11:29","startHours":10.481953188640052,"endHours":11.481953188640052,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:29","end":"12:29","startHours":11.481953188640052,"endHours":12.481953188640052,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:29","end":"13:29","startHours":12.481953188640052,"endHours":13.481953188640052,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:29","end":"14:29","startHours":13.481953188640052,"endHours":14.481953188640052,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:29","end":"15:29","startHours":14.481953188640052,"endHours":15.481953188640052,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:29","end":"16:29","startHours":15.481953188640052,"endHours":16.481953188640052,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:29","end":"17:29","startHours":16.481953188640052,"endHours":17.481953188640052,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:29","end":"18:29","startHours":17.481953188640052,"endHours":18.481953188640052,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:29","end":"19:29","startHours":18.481953188640052,"endHours":19.481953188640052,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:29","end":"20:29","startHours":19.481953188640052,"endHours":20.481953188640052,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:29","end":"21:29","startHours":20.481953188640052,"endHours":21.481953188640052,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:29","end":"22:29","startHours":21.481953188640052,"endHours":22.481953188640052,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:29","end":"23:29","startHours":22.481953188640052,"endHours":23.481953188640052,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:29","end":"00:29","startHours":23.481953188640052,"endHours":24.481953188640052,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:29","end":"01:29","startHours":24.481953188640052,"endHours":25.481953188640052,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:29","end":"02:29","startHours":25.481953188640052,"endHours":26.481953188640052,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:29","end":"03:29","startHours":26.481953188640052,"endHours":27.481953188640052,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:29","end":"04:29","startHours":27.481953188640052,"endHours":28.481953188640052,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:29","end":"05:29","startHours":28.481953188640052,"endHours":29.481953188640052,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:29","end":"06:29","startHours":29.481953188640052,"endHours":30.481953188640052,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Śubha","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":10.251426258052712,"eotMinutes":0.015291116598477705,"ayanamsa":24.2482}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2085,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmati","saka_samvat":1950,"saka_samvatsara":"Kīlaka","bengali_samvat":1435,"malayalam_era":1204,"nanakshahi_year":559,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Saptamī · Vikram 2085 Durmati · Śaka 1950 Kīlaka"},"festivals":[{"id":"mesha-sankranti","name":"Meṣa Saṅkrānti (Vaiśākhī / Vishu / Pohelā Boishākh / Bihu)","name_sanskrit":"मेष सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aries; solar new year. Regional: Vaiśākhī (Punjab) · Vishu (Kerala) · Pohelā Boishākh (Bengal) · Bihu (Assam) · Tamil Puthāṇḍu.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":1},{"id":"baisakhi","name":"Baisakhi (Vaiśākhī)","name_sanskrit":"वैशाखी","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya + Khalsa Pantha (Sikh)","significance":"Punjab New Year + Sikh Khalsa founding day.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"jamnagar"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 16, 2028 CE · Jamnagar, Gujarat · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 16, 2028 CE for Jamnagar, Gujarat: Kṛṣṇa Saptamī, sūryodaya 06:29, sūryāsta 19:11.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2028-04-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2028-04-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2028-04-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2028-04-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2028-04-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T15:39:16.250Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T15:39:16.250Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T15:39:16.250Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}