{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:jamnagar:2024-01-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2024-01-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2024-01-01","date_display":"January 1, 2024 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2024,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460310.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871845.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.6104,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":134.8865,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":239.276,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.276},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":134.8865,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.5531},"yoga":{"number":3,"name":"Āyuṣmān","sum_longitude":30.4969},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2024,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460310.770833,"ahargana":1871845.2708,"kali_year":5125,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1883,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.90709300000003,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":132.33719299999996,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.2214},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":242.87469299999998,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":237.62889300000006,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":11.41069299999998,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":218.143593,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":309.1547929999999,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":0.6296,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":180.6296,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2024,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460310.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871845.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.6104,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":134.8865,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":239.276,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.276},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":134.8865,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.5531},"yoga":{"number":3,"name":"Āyuṣmān","sum_longitude":30.4969},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.221,"elongation":120.724},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.221,"opposition_distance":59.276}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"jamnagar","name":"Jamnagar, Gujarat","lat":22.4707,"lon":70.0577,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"jamnagar","name":"Jamnagar, Gujarat","lat":22.4707,"lon":70.0577,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"07:30","sunsetLocal":"18:17","solarNoonLocal":"12:53","dayLengthHours":10.780782582379786,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 46 Mins 51 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 13 Mins 09 Secs","moonriseLocal":"22:21","moonsetLocal":"10:57","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:51","end":"10:12","startHours":8.848446170330849,"endHours":10.19604399312832,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"11:33","end":"12:53","startHours":11.543641815925795,"endHours":12.891239638723267,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:14","end":"15:35","startHours":14.238837461520742,"endHours":15.586435284318213,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"10:01","end":"10:23","startHours":10.016364283421991,"endHours":10.375723702834652,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:57","end":"08:14","startHours":7.950047621799199,"endHours":8.237535157329328,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:32","end":"13:15","startHours":12.531880219310608,"endHours":13.250599058135926,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"06:04","end":"06:47","startHours":6.063410669882737,"endHours":6.7821295087080555,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:36","end":"07:30","startHours":6.602449799001726,"endHours":7.500848347533375,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:41","end":"15:24","startHours":14.688036735786564,"endHours":15.406755574611884,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:05","end":"18:29","startHours":18.08163092991316,"endHours":18.48163092991316,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:17","end":"18:44","startHours":18.28163092991316,"endHours":18.730830204178986,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:02","end":"19:47","startHours":18.03163092991316,"endHours":19.78163092991316,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:32","end":"01:15","startHours":24.531880219310608,"endHours":25.250599058135926,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"07:30","end":"08:51","startHours":7.500848347533375,"endHours":8.848446170330849,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"08:51","end":"10:12","startHours":8.848446170330849,"endHours":10.19604399312832,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:12","end":"11:33","startHours":10.19604399312832,"endHours":11.543641815925795,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"11:33","end":"12:53","startHours":11.543641815925795,"endHours":12.891239638723267,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:53","end":"14:14","startHours":12.891239638723267,"endHours":14.238837461520742,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"14:14","end":"15:35","startHours":14.238837461520742,"endHours":15.586435284318213,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"15:35","end":"16:56","startHours":15.586435284318213,"endHours":16.934033107115688,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"16:56","end":"18:17","startHours":16.934033107115688,"endHours":18.28163092991316,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"18:17","end":"19:56","startHours":18.28163092991316,"endHours":19.934033107115688,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"19:56","end":"21:35","startHours":19.934033107115688,"endHours":21.586435284318213,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:35","end":"23:14","startHours":21.586435284318213,"endHours":23.23883746152074,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"23:14","end":"00:53","startHours":23.23883746152074,"endHours":24.891239638723267,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:53","end":"02:33","startHours":24.891239638723267,"endHours":26.543641815925795,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"02:33","end":"04:12","startHours":26.543641815925795,"endHours":28.19604399312832,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"04:12","end":"05:51","startHours":28.19604399312832,"endHours":29.848446170330845,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"05:51","end":"07:30","startHours":29.848446170330845,"endHours":31.500848347533374,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:30","end":"08:30","startHours":7.500848347533375,"endHours":8.500848347533374,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:30","end":"09:30","startHours":8.500848347533374,"endHours":9.500848347533374,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:30","end":"10:30","startHours":9.500848347533374,"endHours":10.500848347533374,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:30","end":"11:30","startHours":10.500848347533374,"endHours":11.500848347533374,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:30","end":"12:30","startHours":11.500848347533374,"endHours":12.500848347533374,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:30","end":"13:30","startHours":12.500848347533374,"endHours":13.500848347533374,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:30","end":"14:30","startHours":13.500848347533374,"endHours":14.500848347533374,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:30","end":"15:30","startHours":14.500848347533374,"endHours":15.500848347533374,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:30","end":"16:30","startHours":15.500848347533374,"endHours":16.500848347533374,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:30","end":"17:30","startHours":16.500848347533374,"endHours":17.500848347533374,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:30","end":"18:30","startHours":17.500848347533374,"endHours":18.500848347533374,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:30","end":"19:30","startHours":18.500848347533374,"endHours":19.500848347533374,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:30","end":"20:30","startHours":19.500848347533374,"endHours":20.500848347533374,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:30","end":"21:30","startHours":20.500848347533374,"endHours":21.500848347533374,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:30","end":"22:30","startHours":21.500848347533374,"endHours":22.500848347533374,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:30","end":"23:30","startHours":22.500848347533374,"endHours":23.500848347533374,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:30","end":"00:30","startHours":23.500848347533374,"endHours":24.500848347533374,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:30","end":"01:30","startHours":24.500848347533374,"endHours":25.500848347533374,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:30","end":"02:30","startHours":25.500848347533374,"endHours":26.500848347533374,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:30","end":"03:30","startHours":26.500848347533374,"endHours":27.500848347533374,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:30","end":"04:30","startHours":27.500848347533374,"endHours":28.500848347533374,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:30","end":"05:30","startHours":28.500848347533374,"endHours":29.500848347533374,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:30","end":"06:30","startHours":29.500848347533374,"endHours":30.500848347533374,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:30","end":"07:30","startHours":30.500848347533374,"endHours":31.500848347533374,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Lumba","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.05250366747792,"eotMinutes":-3.705178323396069,"ayanamsa":24.1883}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2081,"vikram_samvatsara":"Piṅgala","saka_samvat":1946,"saka_samvatsara":"Krodhi","bengali_samvat":1431,"malayalam_era":1200,"nanakshahi_year":555,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2081 Piṅgala · Śaka 1946 Krodhi"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"jamnagar"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 1, 2024 CE · Jamnagar, Gujarat · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 1, 2024 CE for Jamnagar, Gujarat: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 07:30, sūryāsta 18:17.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2024-01-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2024-01-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2024-01-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2024-01-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2024-01-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T16:13:56.577Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T16:13:56.577Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T16:13:56.577Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}