{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:jamnagar:2023-01-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2023-01-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2023-01-31","date_display":"January 31, 2023 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459975.770833,"kali_year":5124,"ahargana":1871510.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":286.664,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":41.4117,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":10,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Daśamī","elongation_degrees":114.7478,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.7478},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":41.4117,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.4117},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":328.0757},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":19,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2023,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459975.770833,"ahargana":1871510.2708,"kali_year":5124,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1754,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":286.71099300000003,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":44.07719300000002,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":1.7591},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":45.61749299999997,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":261.37709300000006,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":341.717193,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":310.420793,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":301.642793,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":18.3795,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":198.3795,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459975.770833,"kali_year":5124,"ahargana":1871510.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":286.664,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":41.4117,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":10,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Daśamī","elongation_degrees":114.7478,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.7478},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":41.4117,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.4117},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":328.0757},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":19,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.759,"elongation":114.748},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.759,"opposition_distance":65.252}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"jamnagar","name":"Jamnagar, Gujarat","lat":22.4707,"lon":70.0577,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"jamnagar","name":"Jamnagar, Gujarat","lat":22.4707,"lon":70.0577,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"07:29","sunsetLocal":"18:37","solarNoonLocal":"13:03","dayLengthHours":11.12791156174444,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 07 Mins 40 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 52 Mins 20 Secs","moonriseLocal":"14:12","moonsetLocal":"03:33","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:50","end":"17:14","startHours":15.836957699466812,"endHours":17.227946644684867,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:16","end":"11:40","startHours":10.273001918594591,"endHours":11.663990863812646,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:03","end":"14:27","startHours":13.054979809030701,"endHours":14.445968754248756,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"10:05","end":"10:28","startHours":10.08753672589885,"endHours":10.45846711129033,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:57","end":"08:15","startHours":7.954687009897832,"endHours":8.251431318211017,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:41","end":"13:26","startHours":12.68404942363922,"endHours":13.425910194422183,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"06:00","end":"06:45","startHours":6.007302486592555,"endHours":6.749163257375518,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:34","end":"07:29","startHours":6.563698064679777,"endHours":7.49102402815848,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:55","end":"15:39","startHours":14.909631735988107,"endHours":15.651492506771069,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:25","end":"18:49","startHours":18.418935589902922,"endHours":18.81893558990292,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:37","end":"19:05","startHours":18.61893558990292,"endHours":19.082598571642272,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:22","end":"20:07","startHours":18.36893558990292,"endHours":20.11893558990292,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:41","end":"01:26","startHours":24.68404942363922,"endHours":25.425910194422183,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"07:29","end":"08:53","startHours":7.49102402815848,"endHours":8.882012973376536,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"08:53","end":"10:16","startHours":8.882012973376536,"endHours":10.273001918594591,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:16","end":"11:40","startHours":10.273001918594591,"endHours":11.663990863812646,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"11:40","end":"13:03","startHours":11.663990863812646,"endHours":13.054979809030701,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"13:03","end":"14:27","startHours":13.054979809030701,"endHours":14.445968754248756,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:27","end":"15:50","startHours":14.445968754248756,"endHours":15.836957699466812,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:50","end":"17:14","startHours":15.836957699466812,"endHours":17.227946644684867,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"17:14","end":"18:37","startHours":17.227946644684867,"endHours":18.61893558990292,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:37","end":"20:14","startHours":18.61893558990292,"endHours":20.227946644684867,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:14","end":"21:50","startHours":20.227946644684867,"endHours":21.83695769946681,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:50","end":"23:27","startHours":21.83695769946681,"endHours":23.445968754248756,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:27","end":"01:03","startHours":23.445968754248756,"endHours":25.0549798090307,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:03","end":"02:40","startHours":25.0549798090307,"endHours":26.663990863812646,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"02:40","end":"04:16","startHours":26.663990863812646,"endHours":28.27300191859459,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"04:16","end":"05:53","startHours":28.27300191859459,"endHours":29.882012973376536,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:53","end":"07:29","startHours":29.882012973376536,"endHours":31.49102402815848,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:29","end":"08:29","startHours":7.49102402815848,"endHours":8.491024028158481,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:29","end":"09:29","startHours":8.491024028158481,"endHours":9.491024028158481,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:29","end":"10:29","startHours":9.491024028158481,"endHours":10.491024028158481,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:29","end":"11:29","startHours":10.491024028158481,"endHours":11.491024028158481,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:29","end":"12:29","startHours":11.491024028158481,"endHours":12.491024028158481,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:29","end":"13:29","startHours":12.491024028158481,"endHours":13.491024028158481,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:29","end":"14:29","startHours":13.491024028158481,"endHours":14.491024028158481,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:29","end":"15:29","startHours":14.491024028158481,"endHours":15.491024028158481,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:29","end":"16:29","startHours":15.491024028158481,"endHours":16.49102402815848,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:29","end":"17:29","startHours":16.49102402815848,"endHours":17.49102402815848,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:29","end":"18:29","startHours":17.49102402815848,"endHours":18.49102402815848,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:29","end":"19:29","startHours":18.49102402815848,"endHours":19.49102402815848,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:29","end":"20:29","startHours":19.49102402815848,"endHours":20.49102402815848,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:29","end":"21:29","startHours":20.49102402815848,"endHours":21.49102402815848,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:29","end":"22:29","startHours":21.49102402815848,"endHours":22.49102402815848,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:29","end":"23:29","startHours":22.49102402815848,"endHours":23.49102402815848,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:29","end":"00:29","startHours":23.49102402815848,"endHours":24.49102402815848,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:29","end":"01:29","startHours":24.49102402815848,"endHours":25.49102402815848,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:29","end":"02:29","startHours":25.49102402815848,"endHours":26.49102402815848,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:29","end":"03:29","startHours":26.49102402815848,"endHours":27.49102402815848,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:29","end":"04:29","startHours":27.49102402815848,"endHours":28.49102402815848,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:29","end":"05:29","startHours":28.49102402815848,"endHours":29.49102402815848,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:29","end":"06:29","startHours":29.49102402815848,"endHours":30.49102402815848,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:29","end":"07:29","startHours":30.49102402815848,"endHours":31.49102402815848,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Maitra","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-17.49900856156803,"eotMinutes":-13.52958854184206,"ayanamsa":24.1754}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2080,"vikram_samvatsara":"Nala","saka_samvat":1945,"saka_samvatsara":"Śobhana","bengali_samvat":1430,"malayalam_era":1199,"nanakshahi_year":554,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Śukla Daśamī · Vikram 2080 Nala · Śaka 1945 Śobhana"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3226-07-09","event":"Bhagavān Krishna's birth at Mathurā","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Rohiṇī","url":"/day/-3226-07-09","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"jamnagar"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 31, 2023 CE · Jamnagar, Gujarat · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 31, 2023 CE for Jamnagar, Gujarat: Śukla Daśamī, sūryodaya 07:29, sūryāsta 18:37.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2023-01-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2023-01-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2023-01-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2023-01-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2023-01-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T04:00:57.631Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T04:00:57.631Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T04:00:57.631Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}