{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:jamnagar:2018-07-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2018-07-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2018-07-31","date_display":"July 31, 2018 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2018,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458330.770833,"kali_year":5120,"ahargana":1869865.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.1309,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":321.2827,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":218.1519,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.1519},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":321.2827,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.2827},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":64.4136},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":36,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2018,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458330.770833,"ahargana":1869865.2708,"kali_year":5120,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1125,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.70404400000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":318.605644,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.6269},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":278.733344,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":118.17114399999997,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":199.73764400000005,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":148.43604400000004,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":249.38614400000006,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":105.5395,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":285.5395,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2018,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458330.770833,"kali_year":5120,"ahargana":1869865.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.1309,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":321.2827,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":218.1519,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.1519},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":321.2827,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.2827},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":64.4136},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":36,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.627,"elongation":141.848},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.627,"opposition_distance":38.152}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"jamnagar","name":"Jamnagar, Gujarat","lat":22.4707,"lon":70.0577,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"jamnagar","name":"Jamnagar, Gujarat","lat":22.4707,"lon":70.0577,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:21","sunsetLocal":"19:31","solarNoonLocal":"12:56","dayLengthHours":13.177014654215903,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 10 Mins 37 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 49 Mins 23 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:24","moonsetLocal":"09:07","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:13","end":"17:52","startHours":16.224929905426492,"endHours":17.87205673720348,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:38","end":"11:17","startHours":9.63642257831854,"endHours":11.283549410095528,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:56","end":"14:35","startHours":12.930676241872515,"endHours":14.577803073649502,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:25","end":"09:51","startHours":9.416805667414941,"endHours":9.856039489222137,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:53","end":"07:15","startHours":6.89121119202356,"endHours":7.242598249469317,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:29","end":"13:22","startHours":12.491442420065319,"endHours":13.369910063679711,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:35","end":"05:28","startHours":4.585233627535777,"endHours":5.46370127115017,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:15","end":"06:21","startHours":5.244084360246571,"endHours":6.342168914764564,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"15:08","end":"16:00","startHours":15.1268453509085,"endHours":16.005312994522892,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:19","end":"19:43","startHours":19.319183568980467,"endHours":19.719183568980466,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:31","end":"20:04","startHours":19.519183568980466,"endHours":20.06822584623946,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:16","end":"21:01","startHours":19.269183568980466,"endHours":21.019183568980466,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:29","end":"01:22","startHours":24.49144242006532,"endHours":25.36991006367971,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"06:21","end":"07:59","startHours":6.342168914764564,"endHours":7.9892957465415515,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:59","end":"09:38","startHours":7.9892957465415515,"endHours":9.63642257831854,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:38","end":"11:17","startHours":9.63642257831854,"endHours":11.283549410095528,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"11:17","end":"12:56","startHours":11.283549410095528,"endHours":12.930676241872515,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:56","end":"14:35","startHours":12.930676241872515,"endHours":14.577803073649502,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:35","end":"16:13","startHours":14.577803073649502,"endHours":16.224929905426492,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:13","end":"17:52","startHours":16.224929905426492,"endHours":17.87205673720348,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"17:52","end":"19:31","startHours":17.87205673720348,"endHours":19.519183568980466,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:31","end":"20:52","startHours":19.519183568980466,"endHours":20.87205673720348,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:52","end":"22:13","startHours":20.87205673720348,"endHours":22.224929905426492,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:13","end":"23:35","startHours":22.224929905426492,"endHours":23.577803073649502,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:35","end":"00:56","startHours":23.577803073649502,"endHours":24.930676241872515,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:56","end":"02:17","startHours":24.930676241872515,"endHours":26.283549410095528,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"02:17","end":"03:38","startHours":26.283549410095528,"endHours":27.636422578318538,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:38","end":"04:59","startHours":27.636422578318538,"endHours":28.98929574654155,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:59","end":"06:21","startHours":28.98929574654155,"endHours":30.342168914764564,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:21","end":"07:21","startHours":6.342168914764564,"endHours":7.342168914764564,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:21","end":"08:21","startHours":7.342168914764564,"endHours":8.342168914764564,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:21","end":"09:21","startHours":8.342168914764564,"endHours":9.342168914764564,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:21","end":"10:21","startHours":9.342168914764564,"endHours":10.342168914764564,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:21","end":"11:21","startHours":10.342168914764564,"endHours":11.342168914764564,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:21","end":"12:21","startHours":11.342168914764564,"endHours":12.342168914764564,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:21","end":"13:21","startHours":12.342168914764564,"endHours":13.342168914764564,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:21","end":"14:21","startHours":13.342168914764564,"endHours":14.342168914764564,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:21","end":"15:21","startHours":14.342168914764564,"endHours":15.342168914764564,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:21","end":"16:21","startHours":15.342168914764564,"endHours":16.342168914764564,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:21","end":"17:21","startHours":16.342168914764564,"endHours":17.342168914764564,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:21","end":"18:21","startHours":17.342168914764564,"endHours":18.342168914764564,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:21","end":"19:21","startHours":18.342168914764564,"endHours":19.342168914764564,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:21","end":"20:21","startHours":19.342168914764564,"endHours":20.342168914764564,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:21","end":"21:21","startHours":20.342168914764564,"endHours":21.342168914764564,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:21","end":"22:21","startHours":21.342168914764564,"endHours":22.342168914764564,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:21","end":"23:21","startHours":22.342168914764564,"endHours":23.342168914764564,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:21","end":"00:21","startHours":23.342168914764564,"endHours":24.342168914764564,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:21","end":"01:21","startHours":24.342168914764564,"endHours":25.342168914764564,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:21","end":"02:21","startHours":25.342168914764564,"endHours":26.342168914764564,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:21","end":"03:21","startHours":26.342168914764564,"endHours":27.342168914764564,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:21","end":"04:21","startHours":27.342168914764564,"endHours":28.342168914764564,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:21","end":"05:21","startHours":28.342168914764564,"endHours":29.342168914764564,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:21","end":"06:21","startHours":29.342168914764564,"endHours":30.342168914764564,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Saumya","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":18.312519003519153,"eotMinutes":-6.071374512350812,"ayanamsa":24.1125}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2075,"vikram_samvatsara":"Virodhakṛt","saka_samvat":1940,"saka_samvatsara":"Vilambī","bengali_samvat":1425,"malayalam_era":1194,"nanakshahi_year":549,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Caturthī · Vikram 2075 Virodhakṛt · Śaka 1940 Vilambī"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2},{"id":"angarika-chaturthi","name":"Aṅgāraka Caturthī (Tuesday Caturthī)","name_sanskrit":"अङ्गारक चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa + Maṅgala","significance":"Tuesday-Caturthī (rare); supremely auspicious for Maṅgala-doṣa-nivāraṇa.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":4,"vara_name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"},{"tithi_number":19,"vara_name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}]},"precedence":3},{"id":"sankashti-chaturthi","name":"Saṅkaṣṭī Caturthī","name_sanskrit":"सङ्कष्टी चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Monthly Gaṇeśa vrata.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":19,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"jamnagar"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 31, 2018 CE · Jamnagar, Gujarat · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 31, 2018 CE for Jamnagar, Gujarat: Kṛṣṇa Caturthī, sūryodaya 06:21, sūryāsta 19:31.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2018-07-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2018-07-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2018-07-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2018-07-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2018-07-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T01:33:16.688Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T01:33:16.688Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T01:33:16.688Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}