{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:jamnagar:2017-12-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2017-12-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2017-12-31","date_display":"December 31, 2017 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2017,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458118.770833,"kali_year":5119,"ahargana":1869653.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.1504,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":47.2356,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":13,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":152.0852,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.0852},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":47.2356,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.2356},"yoga":{"number":23,"name":"Śubha","sum_longitude":302.386},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":25,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2017,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458118.770833,"ahargana":1869653.2708,"kali_year":5119,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1044,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.43704400000001,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":46.054543999999964,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.2155},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":199.16114400000004,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":232.57714399999998,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":202.433444,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":252.97914400000002,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":247.02524399999993,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":116.7723,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Āśleṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":296.7723,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2017,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458118.770833,"kali_year":5119,"ahargana":1869653.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.1504,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":47.2356,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":13,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":152.0852,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.0852},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":47.2356,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.2356},"yoga":{"number":23,"name":"Śubha","sum_longitude":302.386},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":25,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.216,"elongation":152.085},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.216,"opposition_distance":27.915}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"jamnagar","name":"Jamnagar, Gujarat","lat":22.4707,"lon":70.0577,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"jamnagar","name":"Jamnagar, Gujarat","lat":22.4707,"lon":70.0577,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"07:30","sunsetLocal":"18:16","solarNoonLocal":"12:53","dayLengthHours":10.778127635049538,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 46 Mins 41 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 13 Mins 19 Secs","moonriseLocal":"16:14","moonsetLocal":"05:37","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:56","end":"18:16","startHours":16.925555111873663,"endHours":18.272821066254856,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:53","end":"14:14","startHours":12.883757248730088,"endHours":14.23102320311128,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:35","end":"16:56","startHours":15.578289157492472,"endHours":16.925555111873663,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"10:01","end":"10:22","startHours":10.009589879383544,"endHours":10.368860800551861,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:57","end":"08:14","startHours":7.943782082665716,"endHours":8.23119881960037,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:31","end":"13:15","startHours":12.524486327561771,"endHours":13.243028169898405,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"06:03","end":"06:47","startHours":6.057609746532046,"endHours":6.776151588868682,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:36","end":"07:30","startHours":6.596516128284524,"endHours":7.494693431205318,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:41","end":"15:24","startHours":14.680111854571678,"endHours":15.398653696908314,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:04","end":"18:28","startHours":18.072821066254857,"endHours":18.472821066254856,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:16","end":"18:43","startHours":18.272821066254856,"endHours":18.721909717715253,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:01","end":"19:46","startHours":18.022821066254856,"endHours":19.772821066254856,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:31","end":"01:15","startHours":24.52448632756177,"endHours":25.243028169898405,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:30","end":"08:51","startHours":7.494693431205318,"endHours":8.841959385586511,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:51","end":"10:11","startHours":8.841959385586511,"endHours":10.189225339967702,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:11","end":"11:32","startHours":10.189225339967702,"endHours":11.536491294348895,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:32","end":"12:53","startHours":11.536491294348895,"endHours":12.883757248730088,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:53","end":"14:14","startHours":12.883757248730088,"endHours":14.23102320311128,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:14","end":"15:35","startHours":14.23102320311128,"endHours":15.578289157492472,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:35","end":"16:56","startHours":15.578289157492472,"endHours":16.925555111873663,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:56","end":"18:16","startHours":16.925555111873663,"endHours":18.272821066254856,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:16","end":"19:56","startHours":18.272821066254856,"endHours":19.925555111873663,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:56","end":"21:35","startHours":19.925555111873663,"endHours":21.57828915749247,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:35","end":"23:14","startHours":21.57828915749247,"endHours":23.231023203111278,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:14","end":"00:53","startHours":23.231023203111278,"endHours":24.883757248730088,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:53","end":"02:32","startHours":24.883757248730088,"endHours":26.536491294348895,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:32","end":"04:11","startHours":26.536491294348895,"endHours":28.189225339967702,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:11","end":"05:51","startHours":28.189225339967702,"endHours":29.841959385586513,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:51","end":"07:30","startHours":29.841959385586513,"endHours":31.49469343120532,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:30","end":"08:30","startHours":7.494693431205318,"endHours":8.494693431205318,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:30","end":"09:30","startHours":8.494693431205318,"endHours":9.494693431205318,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:30","end":"10:30","startHours":9.494693431205318,"endHours":10.494693431205318,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:30","end":"11:30","startHours":10.494693431205318,"endHours":11.494693431205318,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:30","end":"12:30","startHours":11.494693431205318,"endHours":12.494693431205318,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:30","end":"13:30","startHours":12.494693431205318,"endHours":13.494693431205318,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:30","end":"14:30","startHours":13.494693431205318,"endHours":14.494693431205318,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:30","end":"15:30","startHours":14.494693431205318,"endHours":15.494693431205318,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:30","end":"16:30","startHours":15.494693431205318,"endHours":16.49469343120532,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:30","end":"17:30","startHours":16.49469343120532,"endHours":17.49469343120532,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:30","end":"18:30","startHours":17.49469343120532,"endHours":18.49469343120532,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:30","end":"19:30","startHours":18.49469343120532,"endHours":19.49469343120532,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:30","end":"20:30","startHours":19.49469343120532,"endHours":20.49469343120532,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:30","end":"21:30","startHours":20.49469343120532,"endHours":21.49469343120532,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:30","end":"22:30","startHours":21.49469343120532,"endHours":22.49469343120532,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:30","end":"23:30","startHours":22.49469343120532,"endHours":23.49469343120532,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:30","end":"00:30","startHours":23.49469343120532,"endHours":24.49469343120532,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:30","end":"01:30","startHours":24.49469343120532,"endHours":25.49469343120532,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:30","end":"02:30","startHours":25.49469343120532,"endHours":26.49469343120532,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:30","end":"03:30","startHours":26.49469343120532,"endHours":27.49469343120532,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:30","end":"04:30","startHours":27.49469343120532,"endHours":28.49469343120532,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:30","end":"05:30","startHours":28.49469343120532,"endHours":29.49469343120532,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:30","end":"06:30","startHours":29.49469343120532,"endHours":30.49469343120532,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:30","end":"07:30","startHours":30.49469343120532,"endHours":31.49469343120532,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Prajāpati","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.093341188465875,"eotMinutes":-3.2562349238053434,"ayanamsa":24.1044}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2074,"vikram_samvatsara":"Sādhāraṇa","saka_samvat":1939,"saka_samvatsara":"Hemalambī","bengali_samvat":1424,"malayalam_era":1193,"nanakshahi_year":548,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Trayodaśī · Vikram 2074 Sādhāraṇa · Śaka 1939 Hemalambī"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5},{"id":"pradosha-vrata","name":"Pradoṣa Vrata","name_sanskrit":"प्रदोष व्रत","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Twilight worship of Śiva on Trayodaśī.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":13},{"tithi_number":28}]},"precedence":7}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3226-07-09","event":"Bhagavān Krishna's birth at Mathurā","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Rohiṇī","url":"/day/-3226-07-09","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"jamnagar"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 31, 2017 CE · Jamnagar, Gujarat · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 31, 2017 CE for Jamnagar, Gujarat: Śukla Trayodaśī, sūryodaya 07:30, sūryāsta 18:16.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2017-12-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2017-12-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2017-12-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2017-12-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2017-12-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T13:46:13.631Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T13:46:13.631Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T13:46:13.631Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}