{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:jamnagar:2013-01-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2013-01-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2013-01-28","date_display":"January 28, 2013 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2013,"month":1,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456320.770833,"kali_year":5114,"ahargana":1867855.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":284.1965,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":114.175,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":16,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pratipada","elongation_degrees":189.9785,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.9785},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Āśleṣā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":114.175,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.5083},"yoga":{"number":3,"name":"Āyuṣmān","sum_longitude":38.3715},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":31,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2013,"month":1,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456320.770833,"ahargana":1867855.2708,"kali_year":5114,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0357,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":284.23724100000004,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":114.01624099999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.4576},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":301.83944099999997,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":290.775341,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":41.88734099999999,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":269.4461409999999,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":196.81864100000007,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":212.039,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":32.039,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2013,"month":1,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456320.770833,"kali_year":5114,"ahargana":1867855.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":284.1965,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":114.175,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":16,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pratipada","elongation_degrees":189.9785,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.9785},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Āśleṣā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":114.175,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.5083},"yoga":{"number":3,"name":"Āyuṣmān","sum_longitude":38.3715},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":31,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.458,"elongation":170.022},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.458,"opposition_distance":9.978}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"jamnagar","name":"Jamnagar, Gujarat","lat":22.4707,"lon":70.0577,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"jamnagar","name":"Jamnagar, Gujarat","lat":22.4707,"lon":70.0577,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"07:30","sunsetLocal":"18:35","solarNoonLocal":"13:03","dayLengthHours":11.08577181916889,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 05 Mins 09 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 54 Mins 51 Secs","moonriseLocal":"19:13","moonsetLocal":"08:11","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:53","end":"10:16","startHours":8.888566101726095,"endHours":10.274287579122207,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"11:40","end":"13:03","startHours":11.66000905651832,"endHours":13.04573053391443,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:26","end":"15:49","startHours":14.43145201131054,"endHours":15.817173488706652,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"10:05","end":"10:28","startHours":10.089524715469391,"endHours":10.459050442775021,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:58","end":"08:16","startHours":7.964751783462022,"endHours":8.260372365306527,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:41","end":"13:25","startHours":12.6762048066088,"endHours":13.41525626122006,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"06:01","end":"06:46","startHours":6.024741715107466,"endHours":6.763793169718725,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:35","end":"07:30","startHours":6.579030306065911,"endHours":7.502844624329985,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:54","end":"15:38","startHours":14.893359170442578,"endHours":15.632410625053836,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:23","end":"18:47","startHours":18.388616443498876,"endHours":18.788616443498874,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:35","end":"19:03","startHours":18.588616443498875,"endHours":19.05052360263091,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:20","end":"20:05","startHours":18.338616443498875,"endHours":20.088616443498875,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:41","end":"01:25","startHours":24.6762048066088,"endHours":25.41525626122006,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"07:30","end":"08:53","startHours":7.502844624329985,"endHours":8.888566101726095,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"08:53","end":"10:16","startHours":8.888566101726095,"endHours":10.274287579122207,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:16","end":"11:40","startHours":10.274287579122207,"endHours":11.66000905651832,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"11:40","end":"13:03","startHours":11.66000905651832,"endHours":13.04573053391443,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:03","end":"14:26","startHours":13.04573053391443,"endHours":14.43145201131054,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"14:26","end":"15:49","startHours":14.43145201131054,"endHours":15.817173488706652,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"15:49","end":"17:12","startHours":15.817173488706652,"endHours":17.202894966102765,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:12","end":"18:35","startHours":17.202894966102765,"endHours":18.588616443498875,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"18:35","end":"20:12","startHours":18.588616443498875,"endHours":20.202894966102765,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:12","end":"21:49","startHours":20.202894966102765,"endHours":21.81717348870665,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:49","end":"23:26","startHours":21.81717348870665,"endHours":23.43145201131054,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"23:26","end":"01:03","startHours":23.43145201131054,"endHours":25.04573053391443,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:03","end":"02:40","startHours":25.04573053391443,"endHours":26.66000905651832,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"02:40","end":"04:16","startHours":26.66000905651832,"endHours":28.27428757912221,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"04:16","end":"05:53","startHours":28.27428757912221,"endHours":29.888566101726095,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"05:53","end":"07:30","startHours":29.888566101726095,"endHours":31.502844624329985,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:30","end":"08:30","startHours":7.502844624329985,"endHours":8.502844624329985,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:30","end":"09:30","startHours":8.502844624329985,"endHours":9.502844624329985,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:30","end":"10:30","startHours":9.502844624329985,"endHours":10.502844624329985,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:30","end":"11:30","startHours":10.502844624329985,"endHours":11.502844624329985,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:30","end":"12:30","startHours":11.502844624329985,"endHours":12.502844624329985,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:30","end":"13:30","startHours":12.502844624329985,"endHours":13.502844624329985,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:30","end":"14:30","startHours":13.502844624329985,"endHours":14.502844624329985,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:30","end":"15:30","startHours":14.502844624329985,"endHours":15.502844624329985,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:30","end":"16:30","startHours":15.502844624329985,"endHours":16.502844624329985,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:30","end":"17:30","startHours":16.502844624329985,"endHours":17.502844624329985,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:30","end":"18:30","startHours":17.502844624329985,"endHours":18.502844624329985,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:30","end":"19:30","startHours":18.502844624329985,"endHours":19.502844624329985,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:30","end":"20:30","startHours":19.502844624329985,"endHours":20.502844624329985,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:30","end":"21:30","startHours":20.502844624329985,"endHours":21.502844624329985,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:30","end":"22:30","startHours":21.502844624329985,"endHours":22.502844624329985,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:30","end":"23:30","startHours":22.502844624329985,"endHours":23.502844624329985,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:30","end":"00:30","startHours":23.502844624329985,"endHours":24.502844624329985,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:30","end":"01:30","startHours":24.502844624329985,"endHours":25.502844624329985,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:30","end":"02:30","startHours":25.502844624329985,"endHours":26.502844624329985,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:30","end":"03:30","startHours":26.502844624329985,"endHours":27.502844624329985,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:30","end":"04:30","startHours":27.502844624329985,"endHours":28.502844624329985,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:30","end":"05:30","startHours":28.502844624329985,"endHours":29.502844624329985,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:30","end":"06:30","startHours":29.502844624329985,"endHours":30.502844624329985,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:30","end":"07:30","startHours":30.502844624329985,"endHours":31.502844624329985,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mānasa","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-18.19472275172848,"eotMinutes":-12.974632034865841,"ayanamsa":24.0357}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2070,"vikram_samvatsara":"Parābhava","saka_samvat":1935,"saka_samvatsara":"Vijaya","bengali_samvat":1420,"malayalam_era":1189,"nanakshahi_year":544,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pratipada · Vikram 2070 Parābhava · Śaka 1935 Vijaya"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"jamnagar"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 28, 2013 CE · Jamnagar, Gujarat · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 28, 2013 CE for Jamnagar, Gujarat: Kṛṣṇa Pratipada, sūryodaya 07:30, sūryāsta 18:35.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2013-01-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2013-01-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2013-01-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2013-01-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2013-01-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T15:32:16.210Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T15:32:16.210Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T15:32:16.210Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}