{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:jamnagar:2012-01-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2012-01-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2012-01-28","date_display":"January 28, 2012 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2012,"month":1,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2455954.770833,"kali_year":5113,"ahargana":1867489.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":283.4379,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":340.8033,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":57.3654,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.3654},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":340.8033,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.47},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":264.2413},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":9,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2012,"month":1,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2455954.770833,"ahargana":1867489.2708,"kali_year":5113,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0217,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":283.48192500000005,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":339.314225,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.2448},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":148.75782500000003,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":276.33702500000004,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":8.008224999999982,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":322.47682499999996,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":185.12832500000002,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":231.4314,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":51.4314,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2012,"month":1,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2455954.770833,"kali_year":5113,"ahargana":1867489.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":283.4379,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":340.8033,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":57.3654,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.3654},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":340.8033,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.47},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":264.2413},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":9,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.245,"elongation":57.365},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.245,"opposition_distance":122.635}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"jamnagar","name":"Jamnagar, Gujarat","lat":22.4707,"lon":70.0577,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"jamnagar","name":"Jamnagar, Gujarat","lat":22.4707,"lon":70.0577,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"07:31","sunsetLocal":"18:35","solarNoonLocal":"13:03","dayLengthHours":11.073721571704612,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 04 Mins 25 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 55 Mins 35 Secs","moonriseLocal":"10:41","moonsetLocal":"22:51","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:17","end":"11:40","startHours":10.277300140988276,"endHours":11.661515337451352,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:26","end":"15:49","startHours":14.429945730377504,"endHours":15.814160926840582,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:31","end":"08:54","startHours":7.508869748062123,"endHours":8.8930849445252,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"10:06","end":"10:28","startHours":10.0927381147932,"endHours":10.461862167183353,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:58","end":"08:16","startHours":7.970274813549815,"endHours":8.265574055461938,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:41","end":"13:25","startHours":12.676606481524276,"endHours":13.414854586304584,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"06:02","end":"06:46","startHours":6.032373538501508,"endHours":6.770621643281816,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:35","end":"07:31","startHours":6.586059617086739,"endHours":7.508869748062123,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:53","end":"15:38","startHours":14.891350795865197,"endHours":15.629598900645505,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:23","end":"18:47","startHours":18.382591319766735,"endHours":18.782591319766734,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:35","end":"19:03","startHours":18.582591319766735,"endHours":19.043996385254427,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:20","end":"20:05","startHours":18.332591319766735,"endHours":20.082591319766735,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:41","end":"01:25","startHours":24.676606481524278,"endHours":25.414854586304582,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:31","end":"08:54","startHours":7.508869748062123,"endHours":8.8930849445252,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:54","end":"10:17","startHours":8.8930849445252,"endHours":10.277300140988276,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:17","end":"11:40","startHours":10.277300140988276,"endHours":11.661515337451352,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:40","end":"13:03","startHours":11.661515337451352,"endHours":13.04573053391443,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"13:03","end":"14:26","startHours":13.04573053391443,"endHours":14.429945730377504,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:26","end":"15:49","startHours":14.429945730377504,"endHours":15.814160926840582,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:49","end":"17:12","startHours":15.814160926840582,"endHours":17.19837612330366,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:12","end":"18:35","startHours":17.19837612330366,"endHours":18.582591319766735,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:35","end":"20:12","startHours":18.582591319766735,"endHours":20.198376123303657,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:12","end":"21:49","startHours":20.198376123303657,"endHours":21.814160926840582,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:49","end":"23:26","startHours":21.814160926840582,"endHours":23.429945730377504,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:26","end":"01:03","startHours":23.429945730377504,"endHours":25.04573053391443,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"01:03","end":"02:40","startHours":25.04573053391443,"endHours":26.661515337451352,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:40","end":"04:17","startHours":26.661515337451352,"endHours":28.277300140988274,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"04:17","end":"05:54","startHours":28.277300140988274,"endHours":29.8930849445252,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"05:54","end":"07:31","startHours":29.8930849445252,"endHours":31.508869748062125,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:31","end":"08:31","startHours":7.508869748062123,"endHours":8.508869748062123,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:31","end":"09:31","startHours":8.508869748062123,"endHours":9.508869748062123,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:31","end":"10:31","startHours":9.508869748062123,"endHours":10.508869748062123,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:31","end":"11:31","startHours":10.508869748062123,"endHours":11.508869748062123,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:31","end":"12:31","startHours":11.508869748062123,"endHours":12.508869748062123,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:31","end":"13:31","startHours":12.508869748062123,"endHours":13.508869748062123,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:31","end":"14:31","startHours":13.508869748062123,"endHours":14.508869748062123,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:31","end":"15:31","startHours":14.508869748062123,"endHours":15.508869748062123,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:31","end":"16:31","startHours":15.508869748062123,"endHours":16.508869748062125,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:31","end":"17:31","startHours":16.508869748062125,"endHours":17.508869748062125,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:31","end":"18:31","startHours":17.508869748062125,"endHours":18.508869748062125,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:31","end":"19:31","startHours":18.508869748062125,"endHours":19.508869748062125,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:31","end":"20:31","startHours":19.508869748062125,"endHours":20.508869748062125,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:31","end":"21:31","startHours":20.508869748062125,"endHours":21.508869748062125,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:31","end":"22:31","startHours":21.508869748062125,"endHours":22.508869748062125,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:31","end":"23:31","startHours":22.508869748062125,"endHours":23.508869748062125,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:31","end":"00:31","startHours":23.508869748062125,"endHours":24.508869748062125,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:31","end":"01:31","startHours":24.508869748062125,"endHours":25.508869748062125,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:31","end":"02:31","startHours":25.508869748062125,"endHours":26.508869748062125,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:31","end":"03:31","startHours":26.508869748062125,"endHours":27.508869748062125,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:31","end":"04:31","startHours":27.508869748062125,"endHours":28.508869748062125,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:31","end":"05:31","startHours":28.508869748062125,"endHours":29.508869748062125,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:31","end":"06:31","startHours":29.508869748062125,"endHours":30.508869748062125,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:31","end":"07:31","startHours":30.508869748062125,"endHours":31.508869748062125,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mausala","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-18.392634681377228,"eotMinutes":-12.974632034865841,"ayanamsa":24.0217}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2069,"vikram_samvatsara":"Viśvāvasu","saka_samvat":1934,"saka_samvatsara":"Nandana","bengali_samvat":1419,"malayalam_era":1188,"nanakshahi_year":543,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Śukla Pañcamī · Vikram 2069 Viśvāvasu · Śaka 1934 Nandana"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"sarasvati-jayanti","name":"Sarasvatī Jayantī (Vasanta Pañchamī)","name_sanskrit":"सरस्वती जयन्ती / वसन्त पञ्चमी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sarasvatī (Vāk-tattva)","significance":"Manifestation of Devī Sarasvatī; vidyā-ārambha day; vasanta-ṛtu begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":5,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Māgha"},"precedence":2,"sources":["Skanda Purāṇa","Devī Bhāgavata"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"jamnagar"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 28, 2012 CE · Jamnagar, Gujarat · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 28, 2012 CE for Jamnagar, Gujarat: Śukla Pañcamī, sūryodaya 07:31, sūryāsta 18:35.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2012-01-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2012-01-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2012-01-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2012-01-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2012-01-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T01:36:27.141Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T01:36:27.141Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-16T01:36:27.141Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}