{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:jamnagar:2002-04-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2002-04-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2002-04-28","date_display":"April 28, 2002 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452392.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1863927.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":13.7819,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":206.7602,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":17,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":192.9783,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.9783},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":206.7602,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.7602},"yoga":{"number":17,"name":"Vyatīpāta","sum_longitude":220.542},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":32,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2002,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452392.770833,"ahargana":1863927.2708,"kali_year":5104,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8854,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":13.710819000000015,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":206.338119,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.4756},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":45.830219,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":33.11651899999998,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":76.48911900000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":38.91121900000002,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":49.205219,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":60.1633,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":240.1633,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452392.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1863927.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":13.7819,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":206.7602,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":17,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":192.9783,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.9783},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":206.7602,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.7602},"yoga":{"number":17,"name":"Vyatīpāta","sum_longitude":220.542},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":32,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.476,"elongation":167.022},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.476,"opposition_distance":12.978}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"jamnagar","name":"Jamnagar, Gujarat","lat":22.4707,"lon":70.0577,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"jamnagar","name":"Jamnagar, Gujarat","lat":22.4707,"lon":70.0577,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:20","sunsetLocal":"19:15","solarNoonLocal":"12:47","dayLengthHours":12.916441638251918,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 54 Mins 59 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 05 Mins 01 Secs","moonriseLocal":"20:06","moonsetLocal":"07:10","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:38","end":"19:15","startHours":17.631612778420806,"endHours":19.246167983202294,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:47","end":"14:24","startHours":12.787947164076336,"endHours":14.402502368857824,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"16:01","end":"17:38","startHours":16.017057573639313,"endHours":17.631612778420806,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:21","end":"09:46","startHours":9.343562727209157,"endHours":9.774110781817555,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:52","end":"07:13","startHours":6.867911413210873,"endHours":7.212349856897591,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:21","end":"13:13","startHours":12.357399109467938,"endHours":13.218495218684733,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:36","end":"05:28","startHours":4.6075341265167875,"endHours":5.468630235733582,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:15","end":"06:20","startHours":5.253356208429384,"endHours":6.329726344950377,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:56","end":"15:48","startHours":14.94068743711832,"endHours":15.801783546335114,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:03","end":"19:27","startHours":19.046167983202295,"endHours":19.446167983202294,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:15","end":"19:47","startHours":19.246167983202294,"endHours":19.78435305146279,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:00","end":"20:45","startHours":18.996167983202294,"endHours":20.746167983202294,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:21","end":"01:13","startHours":24.357399109467938,"endHours":25.218495218684733,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:20","end":"07:57","startHours":6.329726344950377,"endHours":7.944281549731866,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:57","end":"09:34","startHours":7.944281549731866,"endHours":9.558836754513356,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:34","end":"11:10","startHours":9.558836754513356,"endHours":11.173391959294847,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:10","end":"12:47","startHours":11.173391959294847,"endHours":12.787947164076336,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:47","end":"14:24","startHours":12.787947164076336,"endHours":14.402502368857824,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:24","end":"16:01","startHours":14.402502368857824,"endHours":16.017057573639313,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:01","end":"17:38","startHours":16.017057573639313,"endHours":17.631612778420806,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:38","end":"19:15","startHours":17.631612778420806,"endHours":19.246167983202294,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:15","end":"20:38","startHours":19.246167983202294,"endHours":20.631612778420806,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:38","end":"22:01","startHours":20.631612778420806,"endHours":22.017057573639313,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:01","end":"23:24","startHours":22.017057573639313,"endHours":23.402502368857824,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:24","end":"00:47","startHours":23.402502368857824,"endHours":24.787947164076336,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:47","end":"02:10","startHours":24.787947164076336,"endHours":26.173391959294847,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:10","end":"03:34","startHours":26.173391959294847,"endHours":27.558836754513358,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:34","end":"04:57","startHours":27.558836754513358,"endHours":28.944281549731866,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:57","end":"06:20","startHours":28.944281549731866,"endHours":30.329726344950377,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:20","end":"07:20","startHours":6.329726344950377,"endHours":7.329726344950377,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:20","end":"08:20","startHours":7.329726344950377,"endHours":8.329726344950377,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:20","end":"09:20","startHours":8.329726344950377,"endHours":9.329726344950377,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:20","end":"10:20","startHours":9.329726344950377,"endHours":10.329726344950377,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:20","end":"11:20","startHours":10.329726344950377,"endHours":11.329726344950377,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:20","end":"12:20","startHours":11.329726344950377,"endHours":12.329726344950377,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:20","end":"13:20","startHours":12.329726344950377,"endHours":13.329726344950377,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:20","end":"14:20","startHours":13.329726344950377,"endHours":14.329726344950377,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:20","end":"15:20","startHours":14.329726344950377,"endHours":15.329726344950377,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:20","end":"16:20","startHours":15.329726344950377,"endHours":16.329726344950377,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:20","end":"17:20","startHours":16.329726344950377,"endHours":17.329726344950377,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:20","end":"18:20","startHours":17.329726344950377,"endHours":18.329726344950377,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:20","end":"19:20","startHours":18.329726344950377,"endHours":19.329726344950377,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:20","end":"20:20","startHours":19.329726344950377,"endHours":20.329726344950377,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:20","end":"21:20","startHours":20.329726344950377,"endHours":21.329726344950377,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:20","end":"22:20","startHours":21.329726344950377,"endHours":22.329726344950377,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:20","end":"23:20","startHours":22.329726344950377,"endHours":23.329726344950377,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:20","end":"00:20","startHours":23.329726344950377,"endHours":24.329726344950377,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:20","end":"01:20","startHours":24.329726344950377,"endHours":25.329726344950377,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:20","end":"02:20","startHours":25.329726344950377,"endHours":26.329726344950377,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:20","end":"03:20","startHours":26.329726344950377,"endHours":27.329726344950377,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:20","end":"04:20","startHours":27.329726344950377,"endHours":28.329726344950377,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:20","end":"05:20","startHours":28.329726344950377,"endHours":29.329726344950377,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:20","end":"06:20","startHours":29.329726344950377,"endHours":30.329726344950377,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Utpāta","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":14.043219470318919,"eotMinutes":2.4923701554198168,"ayanamsa":23.8854}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2059,"vikram_samvatsara":"Manmatha","saka_samvat":1924,"saka_samvatsara":"Citrabhānu","bengali_samvat":1409,"malayalam_era":1178,"nanakshahi_year":533,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā · Vikram 2059 Manmatha · Śaka 1924 Citrabhānu"},"festivals":[{"id":"mesha-sankranti","name":"Meṣa Saṅkrānti (Vaiśākhī / Vishu / Pohelā Boishākh / Bihu)","name_sanskrit":"मेष सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aries; solar new year. Regional: Vaiśākhī (Punjab) · Vishu (Kerala) · Pohelā Boishākh (Bengal) · Bihu (Assam) · Tamil Puthāṇḍu.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":1},{"id":"baisakhi","name":"Baisakhi (Vaiśākhī)","name_sanskrit":"वैशाखी","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya + Khalsa Pantha (Sikh)","significance":"Punjab New Year + Sikh Khalsa founding day.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-0562-04-11","event":"Bhagavān Buddha's birth at Lumbinī","chart_id":"buddha","shared_marker":"same Viśākhā","url":"/day/-0562-04-11","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"jamnagar"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 28, 2002 CE · Jamnagar, Gujarat · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 28, 2002 CE for Jamnagar, Gujarat: Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 06:20, sūryāsta 19:15.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2002-04-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2002-04-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2002-04-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2002-04-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/jamnagar/2002-04-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T12:20:45.098Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T12:20:45.098Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-16T12:20:45.098Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}