{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:indore:2028-01-30:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/2028-01-30","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2028-01-30","date_display":"January 30, 2028 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":1,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461800.770833,"kali_year":5129,"ahargana":1873335.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":285.3409,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":325.6357,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":4,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturthī","elongation_degrees":40.2947,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.2947},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":325.6357,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.6357},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":250.9766},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":6,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2028,"month":1,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461800.770833,"ahargana":1873335.2708,"kali_year":5129,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2452,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":285.408864,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":322.10526400000003,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.1217},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":296.1267640000001,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":292.18766400000004,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":152.58476399999995,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":325.449564,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":358.028964,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":281.6822,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":101.6822,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":1,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461800.770833,"kali_year":5129,"ahargana":1873335.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":285.3409,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":325.6357,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":4,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturthī","elongation_degrees":40.2947,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.2947},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":325.6357,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.6357},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":250.9766},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":6,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.122,"elongation":40.295},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.122,"opposition_distance":139.705}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"indore","name":"Indore, Madhya Pradesh","lat":22.7196,"lon":75.8577,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Madhya Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"indore","name":"Indore, Madhya Pradesh","lat":22.7196,"lon":75.8577,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Madhya Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"07:07","sunsetLocal":"18:13","solarNoonLocal":"12:40","dayLengthHours":11.095433248116143,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 05 Mins 44 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 54 Mins 16 Secs","moonriseLocal":"09:13","moonsetLocal":"21:00","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:50","end":"18:13","startHours":16.82622656763963,"endHours":18.213155723654147,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:40","end":"14:03","startHours":12.665439099596075,"endHours":14.052368255610594,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:26","end":"16:50","startHours":15.43929741162511,"endHours":16.82622656763963,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:42","end":"10:05","startHours":9.706656900098437,"endHours":10.076504675035643,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:35","end":"07:53","startHours":7.58003219420951,"endHours":7.875910414159273,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:18","end":"13:02","startHours":12.29559132465887,"endHours":13.035286874533279,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:38","end":"06:23","startHours":5.6383313757891855,"endHours":6.378026925663595,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:12","end":"07:07","startHours":6.193103038194993,"endHours":7.117722475538004,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:31","end":"15:15","startHours":14.5146779742821,"endHours":15.25437352415651,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:01","end":"18:25","startHours":18.013155723654148,"endHours":18.413155723654146,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:13","end":"18:41","startHours":18.213155723654147,"endHours":18.675465442325653,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:58","end":"19:43","startHours":17.963155723654147,"endHours":19.713155723654147,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:18","end":"01:02","startHours":24.29559132465887,"endHours":25.03528687453328,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:07","end":"08:30","startHours":7.117722475538004,"endHours":8.504651631552521,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:30","end":"09:53","startHours":8.504651631552521,"endHours":9.89158078756704,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:53","end":"11:17","startHours":9.89158078756704,"endHours":11.278509943581557,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:17","end":"12:40","startHours":11.278509943581557,"endHours":12.665439099596075,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:40","end":"14:03","startHours":12.665439099596075,"endHours":14.052368255610594,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:03","end":"15:26","startHours":14.052368255610594,"endHours":15.43929741162511,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:26","end":"16:50","startHours":15.43929741162511,"endHours":16.82622656763963,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:50","end":"18:13","startHours":16.82622656763963,"endHours":18.213155723654147,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:13","end":"19:50","startHours":18.213155723654147,"endHours":19.82622656763963,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:50","end":"21:26","startHours":19.82622656763963,"endHours":21.439297411625112,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:26","end":"23:03","startHours":21.439297411625112,"endHours":23.052368255610595,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:03","end":"00:40","startHours":23.052368255610595,"endHours":24.665439099596075,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:40","end":"02:17","startHours":24.665439099596075,"endHours":26.278509943581557,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:17","end":"03:53","startHours":26.278509943581557,"endHours":27.89158078756704,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:53","end":"05:30","startHours":27.89158078756704,"endHours":29.50465163155252,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:30","end":"07:07","startHours":29.50465163155252,"endHours":31.117722475538002,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:07","end":"08:07","startHours":7.117722475538004,"endHours":8.117722475538004,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:07","end":"09:07","startHours":8.117722475538004,"endHours":9.117722475538004,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:07","end":"10:07","startHours":9.117722475538004,"endHours":10.117722475538004,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:07","end":"11:07","startHours":10.117722475538004,"endHours":11.117722475538004,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:07","end":"12:07","startHours":11.117722475538004,"endHours":12.117722475538004,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:07","end":"13:07","startHours":12.117722475538004,"endHours":13.117722475538004,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:07","end":"14:07","startHours":13.117722475538004,"endHours":14.117722475538004,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:07","end":"15:07","startHours":14.117722475538004,"endHours":15.117722475538004,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:07","end":"16:07","startHours":15.117722475538004,"endHours":16.117722475538002,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:07","end":"17:07","startHours":16.117722475538002,"endHours":17.117722475538002,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:07","end":"18:07","startHours":17.117722475538002,"endHours":18.117722475538002,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:07","end":"19:07","startHours":18.117722475538002,"endHours":19.117722475538002,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:07","end":"20:07","startHours":19.117722475538002,"endHours":20.117722475538002,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:07","end":"21:07","startHours":20.117722475538002,"endHours":21.117722475538002,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:07","end":"22:07","startHours":21.117722475538002,"endHours":22.117722475538002,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:07","end":"23:07","startHours":22.117722475538002,"endHours":23.117722475538002,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:07","end":"00:07","startHours":23.117722475538002,"endHours":24.117722475538002,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:07","end":"01:07","startHours":24.117722475538002,"endHours":25.117722475538002,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:07","end":"02:07","startHours":25.117722475538002,"endHours":26.117722475538002,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:07","end":"03:07","startHours":26.117722475538002,"endHours":27.117722475538002,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:07","end":"04:07","startHours":27.117722475538002,"endHours":28.117722475538002,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:07","end":"05:07","startHours":28.117722475538002,"endHours":29.117722475538002,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:07","end":"06:07","startHours":29.117722475538002,"endHours":30.117722475538002,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:07","end":"07:07","startHours":30.117722475538002,"endHours":31.117722475538002,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Rākṣasa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-17.831502929569798,"eotMinutes":-13.357145975764517,"ayanamsa":24.2452}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2085,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmati","saka_samvat":1950,"saka_samvatsara":"Kīlaka","bengali_samvat":1435,"malayalam_era":1204,"nanakshahi_year":559,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Śukla Caturthī · Vikram 2085 Durmati · Śaka 1950 Kīlaka"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2},{"id":"vinayaka-chaturthi","name":"Vināyaka Caturthī (monthly)","name_sanskrit":"विनायक चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Monthly Śukla-pakṣa Caturthī; auspicious for new ventures.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":4,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"indore"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 30, 2028 CE · Indore, Madhya Pradesh · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 30, 2028 CE for Indore, Madhya Pradesh: Śukla Caturthī, sūryodaya 07:07, sūryāsta 18:13.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/2028-01-30","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/2028-01-30","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/2028-01-30","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/2028-01-30","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/2028-01-30"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T22:39:40.314Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T22:39:40.314Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T22:39:40.314Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}