{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:indore:2025-07-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/2025-07-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2025-07-28","date_display":"July 28, 2025 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2025,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460884.770833,"kali_year":5127,"ahargana":1872419.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.4603,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":141.821,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":4,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturthī","elongation_degrees":41.3607,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.3607},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":141.821,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.4876},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":242.2813},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":6,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2025,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460884.770833,"ahargana":1872419.2708,"kali_year":5127,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2102,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.03346199999999,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":140.79346199999998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.6564},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":149.277562,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":107.31156199999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":76.56156199999998,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":61.806262000000004,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":337.608362,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":330.2163,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":150.2163,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2025,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460884.770833,"kali_year":5127,"ahargana":1872419.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.4603,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":141.821,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":4,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturthī","elongation_degrees":41.3607,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.3607},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":141.821,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.4876},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":242.2813},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":6,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.656,"elongation":41.361},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.656,"opposition_distance":138.639}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"indore","name":"Indore, Madhya Pradesh","lat":22.7196,"lon":75.8577,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Madhya Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"indore","name":"Indore, Madhya Pradesh","lat":22.7196,"lon":75.8577,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Madhya Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:56","sunsetLocal":"19:10","solarNoonLocal":"12:33","dayLengthHours":13.231248030392562,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 13 Mins 52 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 46 Mins 08 Secs","moonriseLocal":"08:59","moonsetLocal":"21:24","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"07:35","end":"09:14","startHours":7.5839411998761435,"endHours":9.237847203675214,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:54","end":"12:33","startHours":10.891753207474284,"endHours":12.545659211273353,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:12","end":"15:51","startHours":14.199565215072424,"endHours":15.853471218871494,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:01","end":"09:28","startHours":9.01732640316867,"endHours":9.458368004181757,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:29","end":"06:50","startHours":6.4813371973434295,"endHours":6.834170478153898,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:06","end":"12:59","startHours":12.104617610260268,"endHours":12.986700812286438,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:10","end":"05:03","startHours":4.165868792024732,"endHours":5.047951994050902,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:50","end":"05:56","startHours":4.82743119354436,"endHours":5.930035196077073,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:45","end":"15:38","startHours":14.750867216338781,"endHours":15.632950418364953,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:58","end":"19:22","startHours":18.961283226469636,"endHours":19.361283226469634,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:10","end":"19:43","startHours":19.161283226469635,"endHours":19.712585227735993,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:55","end":"20:40","startHours":18.911283226469635,"endHours":20.661283226469635,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:06","end":"00:59","startHours":24.104617610260267,"endHours":24.98670081228644,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"05:56","end":"07:35","startHours":5.930035196077073,"endHours":7.5839411998761435,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:35","end":"09:14","startHours":7.5839411998761435,"endHours":9.237847203675214,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"09:14","end":"10:54","startHours":9.237847203675214,"endHours":10.891753207474284,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:54","end":"12:33","startHours":10.891753207474284,"endHours":12.545659211273353,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:33","end":"14:12","startHours":12.545659211273353,"endHours":14.199565215072424,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"14:12","end":"15:51","startHours":14.199565215072424,"endHours":15.853471218871494,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"15:51","end":"17:30","startHours":15.853471218871494,"endHours":17.507377222670563,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:30","end":"19:10","startHours":17.507377222670563,"endHours":19.161283226469635,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"19:10","end":"20:30","startHours":19.161283226469635,"endHours":20.507377222670566,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:30","end":"21:51","startHours":20.507377222670566,"endHours":21.853471218871494,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:51","end":"23:12","startHours":21.853471218871494,"endHours":23.199565215072425,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"23:12","end":"00:33","startHours":23.199565215072425,"endHours":24.545659211273353,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:33","end":"01:54","startHours":24.545659211273353,"endHours":25.891753207474284,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"01:54","end":"03:14","startHours":25.891753207474284,"endHours":27.237847203675216,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:14","end":"04:35","startHours":27.237847203675216,"endHours":28.583941199876143,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"04:35","end":"05:56","startHours":28.583941199876143,"endHours":29.93003519607707,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:56","end":"06:56","startHours":5.930035196077073,"endHours":6.930035196077073,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:56","end":"07:56","startHours":6.930035196077073,"endHours":7.930035196077073,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:56","end":"08:56","startHours":7.930035196077073,"endHours":8.930035196077073,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:56","end":"09:56","startHours":8.930035196077073,"endHours":9.930035196077073,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:56","end":"10:56","startHours":9.930035196077073,"endHours":10.930035196077073,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:56","end":"11:56","startHours":10.930035196077073,"endHours":11.930035196077073,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:56","end":"12:56","startHours":11.930035196077073,"endHours":12.930035196077073,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:56","end":"13:56","startHours":12.930035196077073,"endHours":13.930035196077073,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:56","end":"14:56","startHours":13.930035196077073,"endHours":14.930035196077073,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:56","end":"15:56","startHours":14.930035196077073,"endHours":15.930035196077073,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:56","end":"16:56","startHours":15.930035196077073,"endHours":16.93003519607707,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:56","end":"17:56","startHours":16.93003519607707,"endHours":17.93003519607707,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:56","end":"18:56","startHours":17.93003519607707,"endHours":18.93003519607707,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:56","end":"19:56","startHours":18.93003519607707,"endHours":19.93003519607707,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:56","end":"20:56","startHours":19.93003519607707,"endHours":20.93003519607707,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:56","end":"21:56","startHours":20.93003519607707,"endHours":21.93003519607707,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:56","end":"22:56","startHours":21.93003519607707,"endHours":22.93003519607707,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:56","end":"23:56","startHours":22.93003519607707,"endHours":23.93003519607707,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:56","end":"00:56","startHours":23.93003519607707,"endHours":24.93003519607707,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:56","end":"01:56","startHours":24.93003519607707,"endHours":25.93003519607707,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:56","end":"02:56","startHours":25.93003519607707,"endHours":26.93003519607707,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:56","end":"03:56","startHours":26.93003519607707,"endHours":27.93003519607707,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:56","end":"04:56","startHours":27.93003519607707,"endHours":28.93003519607707,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:56","end":"05:56","startHours":28.93003519607707,"endHours":29.93003519607707,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Lumba","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":18.955290823763647,"eotMinutes":-6.170352676401169,"ayanamsa":24.2102}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2082,"vikram_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","saka_samvat":1947,"saka_samvatsara":"Viśvāvasu","bengali_samvat":1432,"malayalam_era":1201,"nanakshahi_year":556,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Caturthī · Vikram 2082 Kālayukta · Śaka 1947 Viśvāvasu"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2},{"id":"vinayaka-chaturthi","name":"Vināyaka Caturthī (monthly)","name_sanskrit":"विनायक चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Monthly Śukla-pakṣa Caturthī; auspicious for new ventures.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":4,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"indore"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 28, 2025 CE · Indore, Madhya Pradesh · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 28, 2025 CE for Indore, Madhya Pradesh: Śukla Caturthī, sūryodaya 05:56, sūryāsta 19:10.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/2025-07-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/2025-07-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/2025-07-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/2025-07-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/2025-07-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T17:28:32.386Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T17:28:32.386Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T17:28:32.386Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}