{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:indore:2025-01-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/2025-01-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2025-01-28","date_display":"January 28, 2025 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2025,"month":1,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460703.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872238.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":284.089,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":264.1956,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":29,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":340.1066,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.1066},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":264.1956,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.8622},"yoga":{"number":15,"name":"Vajra","sum_longitude":188.2846},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":56,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2025,"month":1,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460703.770833,"ahargana":1872238.2708,"kali_year":5126,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2033,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":284.15837799999997,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":265.31147799999997,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.3586},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":87.144878,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":275.387878,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":47.12437799999998,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":329.651378,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":322.89717799999994,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":339.8066,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":159.8066,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2025,"month":1,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460703.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872238.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":284.089,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":264.1956,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":29,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":340.1066,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.1066},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":264.1956,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.8622},"yoga":{"number":15,"name":"Vajra","sum_longitude":188.2846},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":56,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.359,"elongation":19.893},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.359,"opposition_distance":160.107}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"indore","name":"Indore, Madhya Pradesh","lat":22.7196,"lon":75.8577,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Madhya Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"indore","name":"Indore, Madhya Pradesh","lat":22.7196,"lon":75.8577,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Madhya Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"07:07","sunsetLocal":"18:12","solarNoonLocal":"12:40","dayLengthHours":11.074530232920305,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 04 Mins 28 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 55 Mins 32 Secs","moonriseLocal":"06:00","moonsetLocal":"16:48","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:26","end":"16:49","startHours":15.427696425477839,"endHours":16.812012704592874,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:53","end":"11:16","startHours":9.890431309017686,"endHours":11.274747588132724,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:40","end":"14:03","startHours":12.659063867247763,"endHours":14.0433801463628,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:42","end":"10:05","startHours":9.70585580513568,"endHours":10.07500681289969,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:35","end":"07:53","startHours":7.583237510492623,"endHours":7.878558316703831,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:17","end":"13:02","startHours":12.289912859483753,"endHours":13.028214875011773,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:39","end":"06:23","startHours":5.6451947197315695,"endHours":6.383496735259589,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:12","end":"07:07","startHours":6.198921231377584,"endHours":7.12179875078761,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:30","end":"15:15","startHours":14.504818906067813,"endHours":15.243120921595834,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:00","end":"18:24","startHours":17.996328983707915,"endHours":18.396328983707914,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:12","end":"18:39","startHours":18.196328983707915,"endHours":18.657767743412926,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:57","end":"19:42","startHours":17.946328983707915,"endHours":19.696328983707915,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:17","end":"01:02","startHours":24.289912859483753,"endHours":25.028214875011773,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"07:07","end":"08:30","startHours":7.12179875078761,"endHours":8.506115029902649,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"08:30","end":"09:53","startHours":8.506115029902649,"endHours":9.890431309017686,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:53","end":"11:16","startHours":9.890431309017686,"endHours":11.274747588132724,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"11:16","end":"12:40","startHours":11.274747588132724,"endHours":12.659063867247763,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:40","end":"14:03","startHours":12.659063867247763,"endHours":14.0433801463628,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:03","end":"15:26","startHours":14.0433801463628,"endHours":15.427696425477839,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:26","end":"16:49","startHours":15.427696425477839,"endHours":16.812012704592874,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:49","end":"18:12","startHours":16.812012704592874,"endHours":18.196328983707915,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:12","end":"19:49","startHours":18.196328983707915,"endHours":19.812012704592878,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:49","end":"21:26","startHours":19.812012704592878,"endHours":21.427696425477837,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:26","end":"23:03","startHours":21.427696425477837,"endHours":23.0433801463628,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:03","end":"00:40","startHours":23.0433801463628,"endHours":24.659063867247763,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:40","end":"02:16","startHours":24.659063867247763,"endHours":26.274747588132726,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"02:16","end":"03:53","startHours":26.274747588132726,"endHours":27.890431309017686,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:53","end":"05:30","startHours":27.890431309017686,"endHours":29.50611502990265,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:30","end":"07:07","startHours":29.50611502990265,"endHours":31.12179875078761,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:07","end":"08:07","startHours":7.12179875078761,"endHours":8.12179875078761,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:07","end":"09:07","startHours":8.12179875078761,"endHours":9.12179875078761,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:07","end":"10:07","startHours":9.12179875078761,"endHours":10.12179875078761,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:07","end":"11:07","startHours":10.12179875078761,"endHours":11.12179875078761,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:07","end":"12:07","startHours":11.12179875078761,"endHours":12.12179875078761,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:07","end":"13:07","startHours":12.12179875078761,"endHours":13.12179875078761,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:07","end":"14:07","startHours":13.12179875078761,"endHours":14.12179875078761,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:07","end":"15:07","startHours":14.12179875078761,"endHours":15.12179875078761,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:07","end":"16:07","startHours":15.12179875078761,"endHours":16.12179875078761,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:07","end":"17:07","startHours":16.12179875078761,"endHours":17.12179875078761,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:07","end":"18:07","startHours":17.12179875078761,"endHours":18.12179875078761,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:07","end":"19:07","startHours":18.12179875078761,"endHours":19.12179875078761,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:07","end":"20:07","startHours":19.12179875078761,"endHours":20.12179875078761,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:07","end":"21:07","startHours":20.12179875078761,"endHours":21.12179875078761,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:07","end":"22:07","startHours":21.12179875078761,"endHours":22.12179875078761,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:07","end":"23:07","startHours":22.12179875078761,"endHours":23.12179875078761,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:07","end":"00:07","startHours":23.12179875078761,"endHours":24.12179875078761,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:07","end":"01:07","startHours":24.12179875078761,"endHours":25.12179875078761,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:07","end":"02:07","startHours":25.12179875078761,"endHours":26.12179875078761,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:07","end":"03:07","startHours":26.12179875078761,"endHours":27.12179875078761,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:07","end":"04:07","startHours":27.12179875078761,"endHours":28.12179875078761,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:07","end":"05:07","startHours":28.12179875078761,"endHours":29.12179875078761,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:07","end":"06:07","startHours":29.12179875078761,"endHours":30.12179875078761,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:07","end":"07:07","startHours":30.12179875078761,"endHours":31.12179875078761,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhātṛ","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-18.17168998867219,"eotMinutes":-12.974632034865841,"ayanamsa":24.2033}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2082,"vikram_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","saka_samvat":1947,"saka_samvatsara":"Viśvāvasu","bengali_samvat":1432,"malayalam_era":1201,"nanakshahi_year":556,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī · Vikram 2082 Kālayukta · Śaka 1947 Viśvāvasu"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2},{"id":"masika-shivaratri","name":"Māsika Śivarātri","name_sanskrit":"मासिक शिवरात्रि","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Monthly Śiva observance.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":29,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"indore"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 28, 2025 CE · Indore, Madhya Pradesh · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 28, 2025 CE for Indore, Madhya Pradesh: Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī, sūryodaya 07:07, sūryāsta 18:12.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/2025-01-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/2025-01-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/2025-01-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/2025-01-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/2025-01-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T18:50:27.133Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T18:50:27.133Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T18:50:27.133Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}