{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:indore:2024-07-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/2024-07-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2024-07-28","date_display":"July 28, 2024 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2024,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460519.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872054.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.706,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":7.7744,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":23,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":267.0684,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.0684},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":7.7744,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.7744},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":108.4805},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":44,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2024,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460519.770833,"ahargana":1872054.2708,"kali_year":5126,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1963,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.27770800000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":10.187108000000023,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":1.4056},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":40.396208,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":126.99480800000003,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":49.493607999999995,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":115.575808,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":324.66550800000005,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":349.5558,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":169.5558,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2024,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460519.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872054.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.706,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":7.7744,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":23,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":267.0684,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.0684},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":7.7744,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.7744},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":108.4805},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":44,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.406,"elongation":92.932},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.406,"opposition_distance":87.068}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"indore","name":"Indore, Madhya Pradesh","lat":22.7196,"lon":75.8577,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Madhya Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"indore","name":"Indore, Madhya Pradesh","lat":22.7196,"lon":75.8577,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Madhya Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:56","sunsetLocal":"19:10","solarNoonLocal":"12:33","dayLengthHours":13.227661989067087,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 13 Mins 40 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 46 Mins 20 Secs","moonriseLocal":"00:04","moonsetLocal":"12:53","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:30","end":"19:10","startHours":17.50603245717351,"endHours":19.159490205806897,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:33","end":"14:12","startHours":12.545659211273353,"endHours":14.199116959906739,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:51","end":"17:30","startHours":15.852574708540125,"endHours":17.50603245717351,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:01","end":"09:28","startHours":9.018282680855462,"endHours":9.459204747157699,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:29","end":"06:50","startHours":6.482980799617604,"endHours":6.835718452659393,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:06","end":"12:59","startHours":12.104737144971116,"endHours":12.98658127757559,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:10","end":"05:03","startHours":4.168139951530864,"endHours":5.049984084135336,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:50","end":"05:56","startHours":4.829523050984218,"endHours":5.931828216739809,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:45","end":"15:38","startHours":14.750269542784533,"endHours":15.632113675389006,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:58","end":"19:22","startHours":18.959490205806897,"endHours":19.359490205806896,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:10","end":"19:43","startHours":19.159490205806897,"endHours":19.71064278868469,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:55","end":"20:40","startHours":18.909490205806897,"endHours":20.659490205806897,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:06","end":"00:59","startHours":24.104737144971118,"endHours":24.98658127757559,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:56","end":"07:35","startHours":5.931828216739809,"endHours":7.5852859653731945,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:35","end":"09:14","startHours":7.5852859653731945,"endHours":9.238743714006581,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:14","end":"10:54","startHours":9.238743714006581,"endHours":10.892201462639967,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:54","end":"12:33","startHours":10.892201462639967,"endHours":12.545659211273353,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:33","end":"14:12","startHours":12.545659211273353,"endHours":14.199116959906739,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:12","end":"15:51","startHours":14.199116959906739,"endHours":15.852574708540125,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:51","end":"17:30","startHours":15.852574708540125,"endHours":17.50603245717351,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:30","end":"19:10","startHours":17.50603245717351,"endHours":19.159490205806897,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:10","end":"20:30","startHours":19.159490205806897,"endHours":20.50603245717351,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:30","end":"21:51","startHours":20.50603245717351,"endHours":21.852574708540125,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:51","end":"23:12","startHours":21.852574708540125,"endHours":23.19911695990674,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:12","end":"00:33","startHours":23.19911695990674,"endHours":24.545659211273353,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:33","end":"01:54","startHours":24.545659211273353,"endHours":25.892201462639967,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:54","end":"03:14","startHours":25.892201462639967,"endHours":27.23874371400658,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:14","end":"04:35","startHours":27.23874371400658,"endHours":28.585285965373195,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:35","end":"05:56","startHours":28.585285965373195,"endHours":29.93182821673981,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:56","end":"06:56","startHours":5.931828216739809,"endHours":6.931828216739809,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:56","end":"07:56","startHours":6.931828216739809,"endHours":7.931828216739809,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:56","end":"08:56","startHours":7.931828216739809,"endHours":8.93182821673981,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:56","end":"09:56","startHours":8.93182821673981,"endHours":9.93182821673981,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:56","end":"10:56","startHours":9.93182821673981,"endHours":10.93182821673981,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:56","end":"11:56","startHours":10.93182821673981,"endHours":11.93182821673981,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:56","end":"12:56","startHours":11.93182821673981,"endHours":12.93182821673981,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:56","end":"13:56","startHours":12.93182821673981,"endHours":13.93182821673981,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:56","end":"14:56","startHours":13.93182821673981,"endHours":14.93182821673981,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:56","end":"15:56","startHours":14.93182821673981,"endHours":15.93182821673981,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:56","end":"16:56","startHours":15.93182821673981,"endHours":16.93182821673981,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:56","end":"17:56","startHours":16.93182821673981,"endHours":17.93182821673981,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:56","end":"18:56","startHours":17.93182821673981,"endHours":18.93182821673981,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:56","end":"19:56","startHours":18.93182821673981,"endHours":19.93182821673981,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:56","end":"20:56","startHours":19.93182821673981,"endHours":20.93182821673981,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:56","end":"21:56","startHours":20.93182821673981,"endHours":21.93182821673981,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:56","end":"22:56","startHours":21.93182821673981,"endHours":22.93182821673981,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:56","end":"23:56","startHours":22.93182821673981,"endHours":23.93182821673981,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:56","end":"00:56","startHours":23.93182821673981,"endHours":24.93182821673981,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:56","end":"01:56","startHours":24.93182821673981,"endHours":25.93182821673981,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:56","end":"02:56","startHours":25.93182821673981,"endHours":26.93182821673981,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:56","end":"03:56","startHours":26.93182821673981,"endHours":27.93182821673981,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:56","end":"04:56","startHours":27.93182821673981,"endHours":28.93182821673981,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:56","end":"05:56","startHours":28.93182821673981,"endHours":29.93182821673981,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Ānanda","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":18.899242587655163,"eotMinutes":-6.170352676401169,"ayanamsa":24.1963}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2081,"vikram_samvatsara":"Piṅgala","saka_samvat":1946,"saka_samvatsara":"Krodhi","bengali_samvat":1431,"malayalam_era":1200,"nanakshahi_year":555,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī · Vikram 2081 Piṅgala · Śaka 1946 Krodhi"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3226-07-09","event":"Bhagavān Krishna's birth at Mathurā","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","url":"/day/-3226-07-09","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-3101-02-18","event":"Kali Yuga Epoch","chart_id":"kali-yuga-epoch","shared_marker":"same Aśvinī","url":"/day/-3101-02-18","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"indore"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 28, 2024 CE · Indore, Madhya Pradesh · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 28, 2024 CE for Indore, Madhya Pradesh: Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī, sūryodaya 05:56, sūryāsta 19:10.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/2024-07-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/2024-07-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/2024-07-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/2024-07-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/2024-07-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T21:08:48.241Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T21:08:48.241Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T21:08:48.241Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}