{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:indore:2023-01-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/2023-01-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2023-01-01","date_display":"January 1, 2023 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459945.770833,"kali_year":5124,"ahargana":1871480.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.8765,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":7.0095,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":10,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Daśamī","elongation_degrees":111.133,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.133},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":7.0095,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.0095},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":262.8859},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":18,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2023,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459945.770833,"ahargana":1871480.2708,"kali_year":5124,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1743,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":256.16873899999996,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":9.92503899999997,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-1.0082},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":44.586839,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":269.262739,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":337.034139,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":272.96583899999996,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":298.32683900000006,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":19.9691,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":199.9691,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459945.770833,"kali_year":5124,"ahargana":1871480.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.8765,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":7.0095,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":10,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Daśamī","elongation_degrees":111.133,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.133},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":7.0095,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.0095},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":262.8859},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":18,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.008,"elongation":111.133},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.008,"opposition_distance":68.867}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"indore","name":"Indore, Madhya Pradesh","lat":22.7196,"lon":75.8577,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Madhya Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"indore","name":"Indore, Madhya Pradesh","lat":22.7196,"lon":75.8577,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Madhya Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"07:07","sunsetLocal":"17:53","solarNoonLocal":"12:30","dayLengthHours":10.76548688566411,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 45 Mins 56 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 14 Mins 04 Secs","moonriseLocal":"13:41","moonsetLocal":"02:30","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:32","end":"17:53","startHours":16.541630554180642,"endHours":17.887316414888655,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:30","end":"13:51","startHours":12.5045729720566,"endHours":13.850258832764613,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:12","end":"16:32","startHours":15.195944693472628,"endHours":16.541630554180642,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:38","end":"10:00","startHours":9.633776469212837,"endHours":9.992626032068308,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:34","end":"07:51","startHours":7.570391482793883,"endHours":7.857471133078259,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:09","end":"12:52","startHours":12.14572340920113,"endHours":12.86342253491207,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:41","end":"06:24","startHours":5.686431277802663,"endHours":6.404130403513604,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:13","end":"07:07","startHours":6.224705622085869,"endHours":7.121829529224545,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:18","end":"15:01","startHours":14.298820786333952,"endHours":15.016519912044892,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:41","end":"18:05","startHours":17.687316414888656,"endHours":18.087316414888654,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:53","end":"18:20","startHours":17.887316414888655,"endHours":18.335878368457994,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:38","end":"19:23","startHours":17.637316414888655,"endHours":19.387316414888655,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:09","end":"00:52","startHours":24.14572340920113,"endHours":24.863422534912072,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:07","end":"08:28","startHours":7.121829529224545,"endHours":8.467515389932558,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:28","end":"09:49","startHours":8.467515389932558,"endHours":9.813201250640573,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:49","end":"11:10","startHours":9.813201250640573,"endHours":11.158887111348587,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:10","end":"12:30","startHours":11.158887111348587,"endHours":12.5045729720566,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:30","end":"13:51","startHours":12.5045729720566,"endHours":13.850258832764613,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:51","end":"15:12","startHours":13.850258832764613,"endHours":15.195944693472628,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:12","end":"16:32","startHours":15.195944693472628,"endHours":16.541630554180642,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:32","end":"17:53","startHours":16.541630554180642,"endHours":17.887316414888655,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:53","end":"19:32","startHours":17.887316414888655,"endHours":19.541630554180642,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:32","end":"21:12","startHours":19.541630554180642,"endHours":21.195944693472626,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:12","end":"22:51","startHours":21.195944693472626,"endHours":22.850258832764613,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:51","end":"00:30","startHours":22.850258832764613,"endHours":24.5045729720566,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:30","end":"02:10","startHours":24.5045729720566,"endHours":26.158887111348587,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:10","end":"03:49","startHours":26.158887111348587,"endHours":27.813201250640574,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:49","end":"05:28","startHours":27.813201250640574,"endHours":29.467515389932558,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:28","end":"07:07","startHours":29.467515389932558,"endHours":31.121829529224545,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:07","end":"08:07","startHours":7.121829529224545,"endHours":8.121829529224545,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:07","end":"09:07","startHours":8.121829529224545,"endHours":9.121829529224545,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:07","end":"10:07","startHours":9.121829529224545,"endHours":10.121829529224545,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:07","end":"11:07","startHours":10.121829529224545,"endHours":11.121829529224545,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:07","end":"12:07","startHours":11.121829529224545,"endHours":12.121829529224545,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:07","end":"13:07","startHours":12.121829529224545,"endHours":13.121829529224545,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:07","end":"14:07","startHours":13.121829529224545,"endHours":14.121829529224545,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:07","end":"15:07","startHours":14.121829529224545,"endHours":15.121829529224545,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:07","end":"16:07","startHours":15.121829529224545,"endHours":16.121829529224545,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:07","end":"17:07","startHours":16.121829529224545,"endHours":17.121829529224545,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:07","end":"18:07","startHours":17.121829529224545,"endHours":18.121829529224545,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:07","end":"19:07","startHours":18.121829529224545,"endHours":19.121829529224545,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:07","end":"20:07","startHours":19.121829529224545,"endHours":20.121829529224545,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:07","end":"21:07","startHours":20.121829529224545,"endHours":21.121829529224545,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:07","end":"22:07","startHours":21.121829529224545,"endHours":22.121829529224545,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:07","end":"23:07","startHours":22.121829529224545,"endHours":23.121829529224545,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:07","end":"00:07","startHours":23.121829529224545,"endHours":24.121829529224545,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:07","end":"01:07","startHours":24.121829529224545,"endHours":25.121829529224545,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:07","end":"02:07","startHours":25.121829529224545,"endHours":26.121829529224545,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:07","end":"03:07","startHours":26.121829529224545,"endHours":27.121829529224545,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:07","end":"04:07","startHours":27.121829529224545,"endHours":28.121829529224545,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:07","end":"05:07","startHours":28.121829529224545,"endHours":29.121829529224545,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:07","end":"06:07","startHours":29.121829529224545,"endHours":30.121829529224545,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:07","end":"07:07","startHours":30.121829529224545,"endHours":31.121829529224545,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Ānanda","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.0335136949757,"eotMinutes":-3.705178323396069,"ayanamsa":24.1743}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2080,"vikram_samvatsara":"Nala","saka_samvat":1945,"saka_samvatsara":"Śobhana","bengali_samvat":1430,"malayalam_era":1199,"nanakshahi_year":554,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Daśamī · Vikram 2080 Nala · Śaka 1945 Śobhana"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3101-02-18","event":"Kali Yuga Epoch","chart_id":"kali-yuga-epoch","shared_marker":"same Aśvinī","url":"/day/-3101-02-18","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"indore"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 1, 2023 CE · Indore, Madhya Pradesh · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 1, 2023 CE for Indore, Madhya Pradesh: Śukla Daśamī, sūryodaya 07:07, sūryāsta 17:53.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/2023-01-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/2023-01-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/2023-01-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/2023-01-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/2023-01-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T06:35:21.686Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T06:35:21.686Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T06:35:21.686Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}