{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:indore:1901-07-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/1901-07-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1901-07-31","date_display":"July 31, 1901 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1901,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2415596.770833,"kali_year":5003,"ahargana":1827131.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":104.3423,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":278.5284,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":15,"name":"Pūrṇimā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pūrṇimā","elongation_degrees":174.1861,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.1861},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":278.5284,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.8617},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":22.8707},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":29,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1901,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2415596.770833,"ahargana":1827131.2708,"kali_year":5003,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.4781,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":104.640197,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":279.58449700000006,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.1931},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":168.95489699999996,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":86.987597,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":253.595597,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":130.40139699999997,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":260.162697,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":209.7925,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":29.7925,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1901,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2415596.770833,"kali_year":5003,"ahargana":1827131.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":104.3423,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":278.5284,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":15,"name":"Pūrṇimā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pūrṇimā","elongation_degrees":174.1861,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.1861},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":278.5284,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.8617},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":22.8707},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":29,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.193,"elongation":174.186},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.193,"opposition_distance":5.814}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"indore","name":"Indore, Madhya Pradesh","lat":22.7196,"lon":75.8577,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Madhya Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"indore","name":"Indore, Madhya Pradesh","lat":22.7196,"lon":75.8577,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Madhya Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:57","sunsetLocal":"19:09","solarNoonLocal":"12:33","dayLengthHours":13.201597725398088,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 12 Mins 06 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 47 Mins 54 Secs","moonriseLocal":"18:44","moonsetLocal":"05:41","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:33","end":"14:12","startHours":12.544009575205848,"endHours":14.194209290880607,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:36","end":"09:15","startHours":7.593410428181564,"endHours":9.243610143856326,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:54","end":"12:33","startHours":10.893809859531085,"endHours":12.544009575205848,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:01","end":"09:28","startHours":9.023583515099691,"endHours":9.46363677261296,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:30","end":"06:51","startHours":6.49327728439839,"endHours":6.845319890409006,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:06","end":"12:59","startHours":12.103956317692578,"endHours":12.984062832719118,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:11","end":"05:04","startHours":4.182997682453725,"endHours":5.063104197480264,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:51","end":"05:57","startHours":4.843077568723629,"endHours":5.943210712506803,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:45","end":"15:37","startHours":14.744275862772195,"endHours":15.624382377798733,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:57","end":"19:21","startHours":18.944808437904893,"endHours":19.34480843790489,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:09","end":"19:42","startHours":19.144808437904892,"endHours":19.69487500979648,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:54","end":"20:39","startHours":18.894808437904892,"endHours":20.644808437904892,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:06","end":"00:59","startHours":24.103956317692578,"endHours":24.98406283271912,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"05:57","end":"07:36","startHours":5.943210712506803,"endHours":7.593410428181564,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"07:36","end":"09:15","startHours":7.593410428181564,"endHours":9.243610143856326,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:15","end":"10:54","startHours":9.243610143856326,"endHours":10.893809859531085,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:54","end":"12:33","startHours":10.893809859531085,"endHours":12.544009575205848,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:33","end":"14:12","startHours":12.544009575205848,"endHours":14.194209290880607,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"14:12","end":"15:51","startHours":14.194209290880607,"endHours":15.84440900655537,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:51","end":"17:30","startHours":15.84440900655537,"endHours":17.49460872223013,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"17:30","end":"19:09","startHours":17.49460872223013,"endHours":19.144808437904892,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"19:09","end":"20:30","startHours":19.144808437904892,"endHours":20.494608722230133,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:30","end":"21:51","startHours":20.494608722230133,"endHours":21.84440900655537,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:51","end":"23:12","startHours":21.84440900655537,"endHours":23.194209290880607,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"23:12","end":"00:33","startHours":23.194209290880607,"endHours":24.54400957520585,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:33","end":"01:54","startHours":24.54400957520585,"endHours":25.89380985953109,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:54","end":"03:15","startHours":25.89380985953109,"endHours":27.243610143856326,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:15","end":"04:36","startHours":27.243610143856326,"endHours":28.593410428181564,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"04:36","end":"05:57","startHours":28.593410428181564,"endHours":29.943210712506804,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:57","end":"06:57","startHours":5.943210712506803,"endHours":6.943210712506803,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:57","end":"07:57","startHours":6.943210712506803,"endHours":7.943210712506803,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:57","end":"08:57","startHours":7.943210712506803,"endHours":8.943210712506804,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:57","end":"09:57","startHours":8.943210712506804,"endHours":9.943210712506804,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:57","end":"10:57","startHours":9.943210712506804,"endHours":10.943210712506804,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:57","end":"11:57","startHours":10.943210712506804,"endHours":11.943210712506804,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:57","end":"12:57","startHours":11.943210712506804,"endHours":12.943210712506804,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:57","end":"13:57","startHours":12.943210712506804,"endHours":13.943210712506804,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:57","end":"14:57","startHours":13.943210712506804,"endHours":14.943210712506804,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:57","end":"15:57","startHours":14.943210712506804,"endHours":15.943210712506804,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:57","end":"16:57","startHours":15.943210712506804,"endHours":16.943210712506804,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:57","end":"17:57","startHours":16.943210712506804,"endHours":17.943210712506804,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:57","end":"18:57","startHours":17.943210712506804,"endHours":18.943210712506804,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:57","end":"19:57","startHours":18.943210712506804,"endHours":19.943210712506804,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:57","end":"20:57","startHours":19.943210712506804,"endHours":20.943210712506804,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:57","end":"21:57","startHours":20.943210712506804,"endHours":21.943210712506804,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:57","end":"22:57","startHours":21.943210712506804,"endHours":22.943210712506804,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:57","end":"23:57","startHours":22.943210712506804,"endHours":23.943210712506804,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:57","end":"00:57","startHours":23.943210712506804,"endHours":24.943210712506804,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:57","end":"01:57","startHours":24.943210712506804,"endHours":25.943210712506804,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:57","end":"02:57","startHours":25.943210712506804,"endHours":26.943210712506804,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:57","end":"03:57","startHours":26.943210712506804,"endHours":27.943210712506804,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:57","end":"04:57","startHours":27.943210712506804,"endHours":28.943210712506804,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:57","end":"05:57","startHours":28.943210712506804,"endHours":29.943210712506804,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Saumya","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":18.490558814822585,"eotMinutes":-6.071374512350812,"ayanamsa":22.4781}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1958,"vikram_samvatsara":"Ānanda","saka_samvat":1823,"saka_samvatsara":"Plava","bengali_samvat":1308,"malayalam_era":1077,"nanakshahi_year":432,"lunar_month":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āṣāḍha Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_amanta":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Āṣāḍha Śukla Pūrṇimā · Vikram 1958 Ānanda · Śaka 1823 Plava"},"festivals":[{"id":"guru-purnima","name":"Guru Pūrṇimā / Vyāsa Pūrṇimā","name_sanskrit":"गुरु पूर्णिमा / व्यास पूर्णिमा","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Vyāsa-jī","significance":"Honor Vyāsa-jī and all gurus.","vrata":false,"detection":{"tithi_number":15,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Āṣāḍha"},"precedence":1},{"id":"vyasa-purnima","name":"Vyāsa Pūrṇimā (= Guru Pūrṇimā)","name_sanskrit":"व्यास पूर्णिमा","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Veda-Vyāsa","significance":"Birth of Veda-Vyāsa; Mahābhārata-Purāṇa-vibhāga-kartā. = Guru Pūrṇimā.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":15,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Āṣāḍha"},"precedence":1,"related_chart":"vyasa"}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-04","event":"Mahābhārata Day 1 (Bhagavad Gītā delivered)","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Śukla Pūrṇimā","url":"/day/-3137-10-04","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-0562-04-11","event":"Bhagavān Buddha's birth at Lumbinī","chart_id":"buddha","shared_marker":"same Śukla Pūrṇimā","url":"/day/-0562-04-11","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"indore"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 31, 1901 CE · Indore, Madhya Pradesh · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 31, 1901 CE for Indore, Madhya Pradesh: Śukla Pūrṇimā, sūryodaya 05:57, sūryāsta 19:09.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/1901-07-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/1901-07-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/1901-07-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/1901-07-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/indore/1901-07-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T20:33:41.172Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T20:33:41.172Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-02T20:33:41.172Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}