{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:in--tamil-nadu--madurai--132821:2026-08-02:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/in--tamil-nadu--madurai--132821/2026-08-02","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2026-08-02","date_display":"August 2, 2026 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2026,"month":8,"day":2,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461254.770833,"kali_year":5128,"ahargana":1872789.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":104.9654,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":326.4638,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":221.4984,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.4984},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":326.4638,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.4638},"yoga":{"number":6,"name":"Atigaṇḍa","sum_longitude":71.4292},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":36,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2026,"month":8,"day":2,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461254.770833,"ahargana":1872789.2708,"kali_year":5128,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2244,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":105.56922600000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":325.119226,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":1.228},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":59.20052599999997,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":85.73122599999999,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":102.769026,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":150.543926,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":350.540826,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":310.6119,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":130.6119,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2026,"month":8,"day":2,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461254.770833,"kali_year":5128,"ahargana":1872789.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":104.9654,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":326.4638,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":221.4984,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.4984},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":326.4638,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.4638},"yoga":{"number":6,"name":"Atigaṇḍa","sum_longitude":71.4292},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":36,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.228,"elongation":138.502},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.228,"opposition_distance":41.498}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"in--tamil-nadu--madurai--132821","name":"Madurai, Tamil Nadu","lat":9.89,"lon":78.03,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"tz_iana":"Asia/Kolkata","state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"in--tamil-nadu--madurai--132821","name":"Madurai, Tamil Nadu","lat":9.89,"lon":78.03,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"tz_iana":"Asia/Kolkata","state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"06:07","sunsetLocal":"18:40","solarNoonLocal":"12:24","dayLengthHours":12.54635361714147,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 32 Mins 47 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 27 Mins 13 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:03","moonsetLocal":"09:01","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:06","end":"18:40","startHours":17.10210814176367,"endHours":18.670402343906353,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:24","end":"13:58","startHours":12.397225535335618,"endHours":13.965519737478303,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:32","end":"17:06","startHours":15.533813939620988,"endHours":17.10210814176367,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:03","end":"09:28","startHours":9.051531237431227,"endHours":9.469743024669276,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:39","end":"06:59","startHours":6.646813460812445,"endHours":6.981382890602884,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:59","end":"12:49","startHours":11.97901374809757,"endHours":12.815437322573667,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:27","end":"05:17","startHours":4.451201577812688,"endHours":5.287625152288786,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:05","end":"06:07","startHours":5.078519258669761,"endHours":6.124048726764884,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:29","end":"15:19","startHours":14.488284471525866,"endHours":15.324708046001964,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:28","end":"18:52","startHours":18.470402343906354,"endHours":18.870402343906353,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:40","end":"19:12","startHours":18.670402343906353,"endHours":19.193167077953916,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:25","end":"20:10","startHours":18.420402343906353,"endHours":20.170402343906353,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:59","end":"00:49","startHours":23.979013748097568,"endHours":24.81543732257367,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:07","end":"07:42","startHours":6.124048726764884,"endHours":7.692342928907568,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:42","end":"09:16","startHours":7.692342928907568,"endHours":9.260637131050252,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:16","end":"10:50","startHours":9.260637131050252,"endHours":10.828931333192935,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:50","end":"12:24","startHours":10.828931333192935,"endHours":12.397225535335618,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:24","end":"13:58","startHours":12.397225535335618,"endHours":13.965519737478303,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:58","end":"15:32","startHours":13.965519737478303,"endHours":15.533813939620988,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:32","end":"17:06","startHours":15.533813939620988,"endHours":17.10210814176367,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:06","end":"18:40","startHours":17.10210814176367,"endHours":18.670402343906353,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:40","end":"20:06","startHours":18.670402343906353,"endHours":20.10210814176367,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:06","end":"21:32","startHours":20.10210814176367,"endHours":21.533813939620984,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:32","end":"22:58","startHours":21.533813939620984,"endHours":22.965519737478303,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:58","end":"00:24","startHours":22.965519737478303,"endHours":24.397225535335618,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:24","end":"01:50","startHours":24.397225535335618,"endHours":25.828931333192934,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:50","end":"03:16","startHours":25.828931333192934,"endHours":27.260637131050252,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:16","end":"04:42","startHours":27.260637131050252,"endHours":28.692342928907568,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:42","end":"06:07","startHours":28.692342928907568,"endHours":30.124048726764883,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:07","end":"07:07","startHours":6.124048726764884,"endHours":7.124048726764884,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:07","end":"08:07","startHours":7.124048726764884,"endHours":8.124048726764883,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:07","end":"09:07","startHours":8.124048726764883,"endHours":9.124048726764883,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:07","end":"10:07","startHours":9.124048726764883,"endHours":10.124048726764883,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:07","end":"11:07","startHours":10.124048726764883,"endHours":11.124048726764883,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:07","end":"12:07","startHours":11.124048726764883,"endHours":12.124048726764883,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:07","end":"13:07","startHours":12.124048726764883,"endHours":13.124048726764883,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:07","end":"14:07","startHours":13.124048726764883,"endHours":14.124048726764883,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:07","end":"15:07","startHours":14.124048726764883,"endHours":15.124048726764883,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:07","end":"16:07","startHours":15.124048726764883,"endHours":16.124048726764883,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:07","end":"17:07","startHours":16.124048726764883,"endHours":17.124048726764883,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:07","end":"18:07","startHours":17.124048726764883,"endHours":18.124048726764883,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:07","end":"19:07","startHours":18.124048726764883,"endHours":19.124048726764883,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:07","end":"20:07","startHours":19.124048726764883,"endHours":20.124048726764883,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:07","end":"21:07","startHours":20.124048726764883,"endHours":21.124048726764883,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:07","end":"22:07","startHours":21.124048726764883,"endHours":22.124048726764883,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:07","end":"23:07","startHours":22.124048726764883,"endHours":23.124048726764883,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:07","end":"00:07","startHours":23.124048726764883,"endHours":24.124048726764883,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:07","end":"01:07","startHours":24.124048726764883,"endHours":25.124048726764883,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:07","end":"02:07","startHours":25.124048726764883,"endHours":26.124048726764883,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:07","end":"03:07","startHours":26.124048726764883,"endHours":27.124048726764883,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:07","end":"04:07","startHours":27.124048726764883,"endHours":28.124048726764883,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:07","end":"05:07","startHours":28.124048726764883,"endHours":29.124048726764883,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:07","end":"06:07","startHours":29.124048726764883,"endHours":30.124048726764883,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Rākṣasa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":17.794241961935526,"eotMinutes":-5.953532120137101,"ayanamsa":24.2244}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2083,"vikram_samvatsara":"Siddhārthī","saka_samvat":1948,"saka_samvatsara":"Parābhava","bengali_samvat":1433,"malayalam_era":1202,"nanakshahi_year":557,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_amanta":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Caturthī · Vikram 2083 Siddhārthī · Śaka 1948 Parābhava"},"festivals":[{"id":"sankashti-chaturthi","name":"Saṅkaṣṭī Caturthī","name_sanskrit":"सङ्कष्टी चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Monthly Gaṇeśa vrata.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":19,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Dedicated festival walk for Saṅkaṣṭī Caturthī is not live yet; Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"in--tamil-nadu--madurai--132821"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga August 2, 2026 CE · Madurai, Tamil Nadu · Vidhyamitra","description":"August 2, 2026 CE for Madurai, Tamil Nadu: Kṛṣṇa Caturthī, sūryodaya 06:07, sūryāsta 18:40.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/in--tamil-nadu--madurai--132821/2026-08-02","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/in--tamil-nadu--madurai--132821/2026-08-02","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/in--tamil-nadu--madurai--132821/2026-08-02","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/in--tamil-nadu--madurai--132821/2026-08-02","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/in--tamil-nadu--madurai--132821/2026-08-02"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-08-02T11:13:16.242Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-08-02T11:13:16.242Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-08-02T11:13:16.242Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","reader-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}