{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2178-07-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2178-07-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2178-07-28","date_display":"July 28, 2178 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2178,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2516766.770833,"kali_year":5280,"ahargana":1928301.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":98.002,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":260.2278,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":14,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":162.2258,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.2258},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":260.2278,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.8944},"yoga":{"number":27,"name":"Vaidhṛti","sum_longitude":358.2297},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":27,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2178,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2516766.770833,"ahargana":1928301.2708,"kali_year":5280,"ayanamsa_lahiri":26.3475,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":98.92975899999999,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":260.728659,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.8508},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":352.081759,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":77.62705900000003,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":40.42345899999998,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":138.308759,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":50.275959,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":249.319,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":69.319,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2178,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2516766.770833,"kali_year":5280,"ahargana":1928301.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":98.002,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":260.2278,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":14,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":162.2258,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.2258},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":260.2278,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.8944},"yoga":{"number":27,"name":"Vaidhṛti","sum_longitude":358.2297},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":27,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.851,"elongation":162.226},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.851,"opposition_distance":17.774}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:06","sunsetLocal":"18:20","solarNoonLocal":"11:43","dayLengthHours":13.223868799211196,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 13 Mins 26 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 46 Mins 34 Secs","moonriseLocal":"17:07","moonsetLocal":"03:54","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:01","end":"16:41","startHours":15.024566411076155,"endHours":16.67755001097755,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:25","end":"10:04","startHours":8.412632011470556,"endHours":10.065615611371955,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:43","end":"13:22","startHours":11.718599211273354,"endHours":13.371582811174754,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:12","end":"08:38","startHours":8.19223419815037,"endHours":8.633029824790743,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:39","end":"06:01","startHours":5.657659344968223,"endHours":6.010295846280521,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:17","end":"12:10","startHours":11.27780358463298,"endHours":12.159394837913727,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:21","end":"04:14","startHours":3.3434823051062637,"endHours":4.22507355838701,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:00","end":"05:06","startHours":4.004675745066823,"endHours":5.106664811667756,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:55","end":"14:48","startHours":13.922577344475219,"endHours":14.804168597755964,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:08","end":"18:32","startHours":18.130533610878953,"endHours":18.53053361087895,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:20","end":"18:53","startHours":18.330533610878952,"endHours":18.88152814417942,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:05","end":"19:50","startHours":18.080533610878952,"endHours":19.830533610878952,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:17","end":"00:10","startHours":23.27780358463298,"endHours":24.159394837913727,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"05:06","end":"06:46","startHours":5.106664811667756,"endHours":6.759648411569156,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:46","end":"08:25","startHours":6.759648411569156,"endHours":8.412632011470556,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:25","end":"10:04","startHours":8.412632011470556,"endHours":10.065615611371955,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:04","end":"11:43","startHours":10.065615611371955,"endHours":11.718599211273354,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:43","end":"13:22","startHours":11.718599211273354,"endHours":13.371582811174754,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:22","end":"15:01","startHours":13.371582811174754,"endHours":15.024566411076155,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:01","end":"16:41","startHours":15.024566411076155,"endHours":16.67755001097755,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:41","end":"18:20","startHours":16.67755001097755,"endHours":18.330533610878952,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:20","end":"19:41","startHours":18.330533610878952,"endHours":19.67755001097755,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:41","end":"21:01","startHours":19.67755001097755,"endHours":21.02456641107615,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:01","end":"22:22","startHours":21.02456641107615,"endHours":22.371582811174754,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:22","end":"23:43","startHours":22.371582811174754,"endHours":23.718599211273354,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:43","end":"01:04","startHours":23.718599211273354,"endHours":25.065615611371953,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:04","end":"02:25","startHours":25.065615611371953,"endHours":26.412632011470556,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:25","end":"03:46","startHours":26.412632011470556,"endHours":27.759648411569156,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:46","end":"05:06","startHours":27.759648411569156,"endHours":29.106664811667756,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:06","end":"06:06","startHours":5.106664811667756,"endHours":6.106664811667756,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:06","end":"07:06","startHours":6.106664811667756,"endHours":7.106664811667756,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:06","end":"08:06","startHours":7.106664811667756,"endHours":8.106664811667756,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:06","end":"09:06","startHours":8.106664811667756,"endHours":9.106664811667756,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:06","end":"10:06","startHours":9.106664811667756,"endHours":10.106664811667756,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:06","end":"11:06","startHours":10.106664811667756,"endHours":11.106664811667756,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:06","end":"12:06","startHours":11.106664811667756,"endHours":12.106664811667756,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:06","end":"13:06","startHours":12.106664811667756,"endHours":13.106664811667756,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:06","end":"14:06","startHours":13.106664811667756,"endHours":14.106664811667756,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:06","end":"15:06","startHours":14.106664811667756,"endHours":15.106664811667756,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:06","end":"16:06","startHours":15.106664811667756,"endHours":16.106664811667756,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:06","end":"17:06","startHours":16.106664811667756,"endHours":17.106664811667756,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:06","end":"18:06","startHours":17.106664811667756,"endHours":18.106664811667756,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:06","end":"19:06","startHours":18.106664811667756,"endHours":19.106664811667756,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:06","end":"20:06","startHours":19.106664811667756,"endHours":20.106664811667756,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:06","end":"21:06","startHours":20.106664811667756,"endHours":21.106664811667756,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:06","end":"22:06","startHours":21.106664811667756,"endHours":22.106664811667756,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:06","end":"23:06","startHours":22.106664811667756,"endHours":23.106664811667756,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:06","end":"00:06","startHours":23.106664811667756,"endHours":24.106664811667756,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:06","end":"01:06","startHours":24.106664811667756,"endHours":25.106664811667756,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:06","end":"02:06","startHours":25.106664811667756,"endHours":26.106664811667756,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:06","end":"03:06","startHours":26.106664811667756,"endHours":27.106664811667756,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:06","end":"04:06","startHours":27.106664811667756,"endHours":28.106664811667756,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:06","end":"05:06","startHours":28.106664811667756,"endHours":29.106664811667756,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhātṛ","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":18.94713455441098,"eotMinutes":-6.170352676401169,"ayanamsa":26.3475}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2235,"vikram_samvatsara":"Khara","saka_samvat":2100,"saka_samvatsara":"Bahudhānya","bengali_samvat":1585,"malayalam_era":1354,"nanakshahi_year":709,"lunar_month":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āṣāḍha Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_amanta":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Āṣāḍha Śukla Caturdaśī · Vikram 2235 Khara · Śaka 2100 Bahudhānya"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 28, 2178 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 28, 2178 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Śukla Caturdaśī, sūryodaya 05:06, sūryāsta 18:20.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2178-07-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2178-07-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2178-07-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2178-07-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2178-07-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-03T23:25:34.655Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-03T23:25:34.655Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-03T23:25:34.655Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}