{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2030-01-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2030-01-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2030-01-31","date_display":"January 31, 2030 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2030,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462532.770833,"kali_year":5131,"ahargana":1874067.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":286.8569,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":254.6652,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":28,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":327.8084,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.8084},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":254.6652,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.3319},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":181.5221},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":54,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2030,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462532.770833,"ahargana":1874067.2708,"kali_year":5131,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2732,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":286.9183969999999,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":253.16109700000004,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.9169},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":313.65789700000005,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":263.473197,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":210.85729700000002,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":254.09849699999995,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":23.867097,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":242.8973,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":62.8973,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2030,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462532.770833,"kali_year":5131,"ahargana":1874067.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":286.8569,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":254.6652,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":28,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":327.8084,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.8084},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":254.6652,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.3319},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":181.5221},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":54,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.917,"elongation":32.192},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.917,"opposition_distance":147.808}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:17","sunsetLocal":"17:24","solarNoonLocal":"11:50","dayLengthHours":11.1268918113387,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 07 Mins 37 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 52 Mins 23 Secs","moonriseLocal":"04:14","moonsetLocal":"14:57","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"13:14","end":"14:37","startHours":13.232114618781374,"endHours":14.62297609519871,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"06:17","end":"07:40","startHours":6.277807236694686,"endHours":7.668668713112024,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:04","end":"10:27","startHours":9.059530189529362,"endHours":10.450391665946698,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:52","end":"09:15","startHours":8.874081992673716,"endHours":9.244978386385007,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:44","end":"07:02","startHours":6.7414277288337985,"endHours":7.03814484380283,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:28","end":"12:13","startHours":11.470356748652746,"endHours":12.212149536075325,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:48","end":"05:32","startHours":4.794221661849527,"endHours":5.536014449272106,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:21","end":"06:17","startHours":5.350566252416462,"endHours":6.277807236694686,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:42","end":"14:26","startHours":13.695735110920486,"endHours":14.437527898343067,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:12","end":"17:36","startHours":17.204699048033387,"endHours":17.604699048033385,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:24","end":"17:52","startHours":17.404699048033386,"endHours":17.8683195401725,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:09","end":"18:54","startHours":17.154699048033386,"endHours":18.904699048033386,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:28","end":"00:13","startHours":23.470356748652744,"endHours":24.212149536075326,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:17","end":"07:40","startHours":6.277807236694686,"endHours":7.668668713112024,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"07:40","end":"09:04","startHours":7.668668713112024,"endHours":9.059530189529362,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:04","end":"10:27","startHours":9.059530189529362,"endHours":10.450391665946698,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:27","end":"11:50","startHours":10.450391665946698,"endHours":11.841253142364035,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"11:50","end":"13:14","startHours":11.841253142364035,"endHours":13.232114618781374,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"13:14","end":"14:37","startHours":13.232114618781374,"endHours":14.62297609519871,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:37","end":"16:01","startHours":14.62297609519871,"endHours":16.01383757161605,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:01","end":"17:24","startHours":16.01383757161605,"endHours":17.404699048033386,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:24","end":"19:01","startHours":17.404699048033386,"endHours":19.013837571616047,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:01","end":"20:37","startHours":19.013837571616047,"endHours":20.622976095198712,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:37","end":"22:14","startHours":20.622976095198712,"endHours":22.232114618781374,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:14","end":"23:50","startHours":22.232114618781374,"endHours":23.841253142364035,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:50","end":"01:27","startHours":23.841253142364035,"endHours":25.450391665946697,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:27","end":"03:04","startHours":25.450391665946697,"endHours":27.05953018952936,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:04","end":"04:40","startHours":27.05953018952936,"endHours":28.668668713112023,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"04:40","end":"06:17","startHours":28.668668713112023,"endHours":30.277807236694684,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:17","end":"07:17","startHours":6.277807236694686,"endHours":7.277807236694686,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:17","end":"08:17","startHours":7.277807236694686,"endHours":8.277807236694686,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:17","end":"09:17","startHours":8.277807236694686,"endHours":9.277807236694686,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:17","end":"10:17","startHours":9.277807236694686,"endHours":10.277807236694686,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:17","end":"11:17","startHours":10.277807236694686,"endHours":11.277807236694686,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:17","end":"12:17","startHours":11.277807236694686,"endHours":12.277807236694686,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:17","end":"13:17","startHours":12.277807236694686,"endHours":13.277807236694686,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:17","end":"14:17","startHours":13.277807236694686,"endHours":14.277807236694686,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:17","end":"15:17","startHours":14.277807236694686,"endHours":15.277807236694686,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:17","end":"16:17","startHours":15.277807236694686,"endHours":16.277807236694684,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:17","end":"17:17","startHours":16.277807236694684,"endHours":17.277807236694684,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:17","end":"18:17","startHours":17.277807236694684,"endHours":18.277807236694684,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:17","end":"19:17","startHours":18.277807236694684,"endHours":19.277807236694684,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:17","end":"20:17","startHours":19.277807236694684,"endHours":20.277807236694684,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:17","end":"21:17","startHours":20.277807236694684,"endHours":21.277807236694684,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:17","end":"22:17","startHours":21.277807236694684,"endHours":22.277807236694684,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:17","end":"23:17","startHours":22.277807236694684,"endHours":23.277807236694684,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:17","end":"00:17","startHours":23.277807236694684,"endHours":24.277807236694684,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:17","end":"01:17","startHours":24.277807236694684,"endHours":25.277807236694684,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:17","end":"02:17","startHours":25.277807236694684,"endHours":26.277807236694684,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:17","end":"03:17","startHours":26.277807236694684,"endHours":27.277807236694684,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:17","end":"04:17","startHours":27.277807236694684,"endHours":28.277807236694684,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:17","end":"05:17","startHours":28.277807236694684,"endHours":29.277807236694684,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:17","end":"06:17","startHours":29.277807236694684,"endHours":30.277807236694684,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Śrīvatsa","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-17.415459435123516,"eotMinutes":-13.52958854184206,"ayanamsa":24.2732}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2087,"vikram_samvatsara":"Rudhirodgāri","saka_samvat":1952,"saka_samvatsara":"Sādhāraṇa","bengali_samvat":1437,"malayalam_era":1206,"nanakshahi_year":561,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī · Vikram 2087 Rudhirodgāri · Śaka 1952 Sādhāraṇa"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2},{"id":"pradosha-vrata","name":"Pradoṣa Vrata","name_sanskrit":"प्रदोष व्रत","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Twilight worship of Śiva on Trayodaśī.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":13},{"tithi_number":28}]},"precedence":7}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 31, 2030 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 31, 2030 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī, sūryodaya 06:17, sūryāsta 17:24.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2030-01-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2030-01-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2030-01-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2030-01-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2030-01-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T22:39:00.880Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T22:39:00.880Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T22:39:00.880Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}