{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2030-01-05:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2030-01-05","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2030-01-05","date_display":"January 5, 2030 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2030,"month":1,"day":5,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462506.770833,"kali_year":5131,"ahargana":1874041.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":260.1829,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":273.6347,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":13.4518,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.4518},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":273.6347,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.968},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":173.8176},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":2,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2030,"month":1,"day":5,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462506.770833,"ahargana":1874041.2708,"kali_year":5131,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2722,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":260.45408999999995,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":272.59358999999995,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.2046},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":293.19389,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":249.71099000000004,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":207.07308999999998,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":262.38489000000004,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":23.91699,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":244.275,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":64.275,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2030,"month":1,"day":5,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462506.770833,"kali_year":5131,"ahargana":1874041.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":260.1829,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":273.6347,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":13.4518,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.4518},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":273.6347,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.968},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":173.8176},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":2,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.205,"elongation":13.452},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.205,"opposition_distance":166.548}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-15,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.064,"opposition_distance":1.118},{"offset_days":-1,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.192,"elongation":0.543}]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:18","sunsetLocal":"17:06","solarNoonLocal":"11:42","dayLengthHours":10.800468985674666,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 48 Mins 02 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 11 Mins 58 Secs","moonriseLocal":"07:05","moonsetLocal":"17:57","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:00","end":"10:21","startHours":9.006522263984053,"endHours":10.356580887193385,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:03","end":"14:24","startHours":13.056698133612052,"endHours":14.406756756821384,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:18","end":"07:39","startHours":6.306405017565385,"endHours":7.656463640774719,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:50","end":"09:11","startHours":8.826514447556141,"endHours":9.186530080411963,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:45","end":"07:03","startHours":6.756424558635163,"endHours":7.044437064919821,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:21","end":"12:04","startHours":11.346623877546897,"endHours":12.06665514325854,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:52","end":"05:35","startHours":4.866342486142097,"endHours":5.586373751853741,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:24","end":"06:18","startHours":5.40636593542583,"endHours":6.306405017565385,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:30","end":"14:14","startHours":13.50671767468183,"endHours":14.226748940393476,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"16:54","end":"17:18","startHours":16.906874003240052,"endHours":17.30687400324005,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:06","end":"17:33","startHours":17.10687400324005,"endHours":17.55689354430983,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"16:51","end":"18:36","startHours":16.85687400324005,"endHours":18.60687400324005,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:21","end":"00:04","startHours":23.346623877546893,"endHours":24.06665514325854,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:18","end":"07:39","startHours":6.306405017565385,"endHours":7.656463640774719,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:39","end":"09:00","startHours":7.656463640774719,"endHours":9.006522263984053,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:00","end":"10:21","startHours":9.006522263984053,"endHours":10.356580887193385,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:21","end":"11:42","startHours":10.356580887193385,"endHours":11.706639510402718,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"11:42","end":"13:03","startHours":11.706639510402718,"endHours":13.056698133612052,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:03","end":"14:24","startHours":13.056698133612052,"endHours":14.406756756821384,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"14:24","end":"15:45","startHours":14.406756756821384,"endHours":15.756815380030718,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:45","end":"17:06","startHours":15.756815380030718,"endHours":17.10687400324005,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"17:06","end":"18:45","startHours":17.10687400324005,"endHours":18.75681538003072,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"18:45","end":"20:24","startHours":18.75681538003072,"endHours":20.406756756821384,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"20:24","end":"22:03","startHours":20.406756756821384,"endHours":22.056698133612052,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:03","end":"23:42","startHours":22.056698133612052,"endHours":23.706639510402717,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"23:42","end":"01:21","startHours":23.706639510402717,"endHours":25.356580887193385,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:21","end":"03:00","startHours":25.356580887193385,"endHours":27.006522263984053,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:00","end":"04:39","startHours":27.006522263984053,"endHours":28.656463640774717,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:39","end":"06:18","startHours":28.656463640774717,"endHours":30.306405017565385,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:18","end":"07:18","startHours":6.306405017565385,"endHours":7.306405017565385,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:18","end":"08:18","startHours":7.306405017565385,"endHours":8.306405017565385,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:18","end":"09:18","startHours":8.306405017565385,"endHours":9.306405017565385,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:18","end":"10:18","startHours":9.306405017565385,"endHours":10.306405017565385,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:18","end":"11:18","startHours":10.306405017565385,"endHours":11.306405017565385,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:18","end":"12:18","startHours":11.306405017565385,"endHours":12.306405017565385,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:18","end":"13:18","startHours":12.306405017565385,"endHours":13.306405017565385,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:18","end":"14:18","startHours":13.306405017565385,"endHours":14.306405017565385,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:18","end":"15:18","startHours":14.306405017565385,"endHours":15.306405017565385,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:18","end":"16:18","startHours":15.306405017565385,"endHours":16.306405017565385,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:18","end":"17:18","startHours":16.306405017565385,"endHours":17.306405017565385,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:18","end":"18:18","startHours":17.306405017565385,"endHours":18.306405017565385,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:18","end":"19:18","startHours":18.306405017565385,"endHours":19.306405017565385,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:18","end":"20:18","startHours":19.306405017565385,"endHours":20.306405017565385,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:18","end":"21:18","startHours":20.306405017565385,"endHours":21.306405017565385,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:18","end":"22:18","startHours":21.306405017565385,"endHours":22.306405017565385,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:18","end":"23:18","startHours":22.306405017565385,"endHours":23.306405017565385,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:18","end":"00:18","startHours":23.306405017565385,"endHours":24.306405017565385,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:18","end":"01:18","startHours":24.306405017565385,"endHours":25.306405017565385,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:18","end":"02:18","startHours":25.306405017565385,"endHours":26.306405017565385,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:18","end":"03:18","startHours":26.306405017565385,"endHours":27.306405017565385,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:18","end":"04:18","startHours":27.306405017565385,"endHours":28.306405017565385,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:18","end":"05:18","startHours":28.306405017565385,"endHours":29.306405017565385,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:18","end":"06:18","startHours":29.306405017565385,"endHours":30.306405017565385,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mṛtyu","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-22.62309565210822,"eotMinutes":-5.452770624163118,"ayanamsa":24.2722}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2087,"vikram_samvatsara":"Rudhirodgāri","saka_samvat":1952,"saka_samvatsara":"Sādhāraṇa","bengali_samvat":1437,"malayalam_era":1206,"nanakshahi_year":561,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Dvitīyā · Vikram 2087 Rudhirodgāri · Śaka 1952 Sādhāraṇa"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 5, 2030 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 5, 2030 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Śukla Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 06:18, sūryāsta 17:06.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2030-01-05","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2030-01-05","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2030-01-05","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2030-01-05","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2030-01-05"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-24T00:09:45.572Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-24T00:09:45.572Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-24T00:09:45.572Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}