{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2028-07-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2028-07-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2028-07-01","date_display":"July 1, 2028 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":7,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461953.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873488.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":75.092,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":184.133,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":10,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Daśamī","elongation_degrees":109.041,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.041},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":184.133,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.7997},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":259.225},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":18,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2028,"month":7,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461953.770833,"ahargana":1873488.2708,"kali_year":5130,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2511,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":75.49511899999999,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":185.49051899999995,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.4998},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":51.76531899999998,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":53.39371900000003,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":146.42521899999997,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":39.63471900000002,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":14.732718999999975,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":273.5756,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":93.5756,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":7,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461953.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873488.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":75.092,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":184.133,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":10,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Daśamī","elongation_degrees":109.041,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.041},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":184.133,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.7997},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":259.225},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":18,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.5,"elongation":109.041},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.5,"opposition_distance":70.959}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"04:56","sunsetLocal":"18:25","solarNoonLocal":"11:40","dayLengthHours":13.494977086967552,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 29 Mins 42 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 30 Mins 18 Secs","moonriseLocal":"13:17","moonsetLocal":"00:44","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:18","end":"09:59","startHours":8.299887148332626,"endHours":9.986759284203572,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:22","end":"15:03","startHours":13.36050355594546,"endHours":15.047375691816402,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"04:56","end":"06:37","startHours":4.926142876590739,"endHours":6.613015012461683,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:04","end":"08:31","startHours":8.074970863549835,"endHours":8.52480343311542,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:29","end":"05:51","startHours":5.4884335885477205,"endHours":5.848299644200188,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:13","end":"12:07","startHours":11.22379885050893,"endHours":12.123463989640099,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:08","end":"04:02","startHours":3.126812598328399,"endHours":4.026477737459569,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:48","end":"04:56","startHours":3.8015614526767765,"endHours":4.926142876590739,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:55","end":"14:49","startHours":13.92279426790244,"endHours":14.822459407033609,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:13","end":"18:37","startHours":18.22111996355829,"endHours":18.62111996355829,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:25","end":"18:59","startHours":18.42111996355829,"endHours":18.983410675515273,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:10","end":"19:55","startHours":18.17111996355829,"endHours":19.92111996355829,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:13","end":"00:07","startHours":23.223798850508928,"endHours":24.1234639896401,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:56","end":"06:37","startHours":4.926142876590739,"endHours":6.613015012461683,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:37","end":"08:18","startHours":6.613015012461683,"endHours":8.299887148332626,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:18","end":"09:59","startHours":8.299887148332626,"endHours":9.986759284203572,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:59","end":"11:40","startHours":9.986759284203572,"endHours":11.673631420074514,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"11:40","end":"13:22","startHours":11.673631420074514,"endHours":13.36050355594546,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:22","end":"15:03","startHours":13.36050355594546,"endHours":15.047375691816402,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:03","end":"16:44","startHours":15.047375691816402,"endHours":16.734247827687348,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:44","end":"18:25","startHours":16.734247827687348,"endHours":18.42111996355829,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:25","end":"19:44","startHours":18.42111996355829,"endHours":19.734247827687348,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:44","end":"21:03","startHours":19.734247827687348,"endHours":21.047375691816402,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:03","end":"22:22","startHours":21.047375691816402,"endHours":22.360503555945456,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:22","end":"23:40","startHours":22.360503555945456,"endHours":23.673631420074514,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"23:40","end":"00:59","startHours":23.673631420074514,"endHours":24.986759284203572,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:59","end":"02:18","startHours":24.986759284203572,"endHours":26.299887148332626,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:18","end":"03:37","startHours":26.299887148332626,"endHours":27.61301501246168,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:37","end":"04:56","startHours":27.61301501246168,"endHours":28.92614287659074,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"04:56","end":"05:56","startHours":4.926142876590739,"endHours":5.926142876590739,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"05:56","end":"06:56","startHours":5.926142876590739,"endHours":6.926142876590739,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"06:56","end":"07:56","startHours":6.926142876590739,"endHours":7.926142876590739,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"07:56","end":"08:56","startHours":7.926142876590739,"endHours":8.926142876590738,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"08:56","end":"09:56","startHours":8.926142876590738,"endHours":9.926142876590738,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"09:56","end":"10:56","startHours":9.926142876590738,"endHours":10.926142876590738,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"10:56","end":"11:56","startHours":10.926142876590738,"endHours":11.926142876590738,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"11:56","end":"12:56","startHours":11.926142876590738,"endHours":12.926142876590738,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"12:56","end":"13:56","startHours":12.926142876590738,"endHours":13.926142876590738,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"13:56","end":"14:56","startHours":13.926142876590738,"endHours":14.926142876590738,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"14:56","end":"15:56","startHours":14.926142876590738,"endHours":15.926142876590738,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"15:56","end":"16:56","startHours":15.926142876590738,"endHours":16.92614287659074,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"16:56","end":"17:56","startHours":16.92614287659074,"endHours":17.92614287659074,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"17:56","end":"18:56","startHours":17.92614287659074,"endHours":18.92614287659074,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"18:56","end":"19:56","startHours":18.92614287659074,"endHours":19.92614287659074,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"19:56","end":"20:56","startHours":19.92614287659074,"endHours":20.92614287659074,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"20:56","end":"21:56","startHours":20.92614287659074,"endHours":21.92614287659074,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"21:56","end":"22:56","startHours":21.92614287659074,"endHours":22.92614287659074,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"22:56","end":"23:56","startHours":22.92614287659074,"endHours":23.92614287659074,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"23:56","end":"00:56","startHours":23.92614287659074,"endHours":24.92614287659074,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"00:56","end":"01:56","startHours":24.92614287659074,"endHours":25.92614287659074,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"01:56","end":"02:56","startHours":25.92614287659074,"endHours":26.92614287659074,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"02:56","end":"03:56","startHours":26.92614287659074,"endHours":27.92614287659074,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"03:56","end":"04:56","startHours":27.92614287659074,"endHours":28.92614287659074,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mudgara","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":23.07850941408938,"eotMinutes":-3.4722852044708983,"ayanamsa":24.2511}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2085,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmati","saka_samvat":1950,"saka_samvatsara":"Kīlaka","bengali_samvat":1435,"malayalam_era":1204,"nanakshahi_year":559,"lunar_month":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āṣāḍha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mithuna (Āni)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Āṣāḍha Śukla Daśamī · Vikram 2085 Durmati · Śaka 1950 Kīlaka"},"festivals":[{"id":"mithuna-sankranti","name":"Mithuna Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"मिथुन सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Gemini.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Mithuna"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 1, 2028 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 1, 2028 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Śukla Daśamī, sūryodaya 04:56, sūryāsta 18:25.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2028-07-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2028-07-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2028-07-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2028-07-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2028-07-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T16:17:30.085Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T16:17:30.085Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T16:17:30.085Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}