{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2028-03-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2028-03-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2028-03-28","date_display":"March 28, 2028 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":3,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461858.770833,"kali_year":5129,"ahargana":1873393.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":343.747,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":6.0918,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":22.3448,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.3448},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":6.0918,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.0918},"yoga":{"number":27,"name":"Vaidhṛti","sum_longitude":349.8388},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":3,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2028,"month":3,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461858.770833,"ahargana":1873393.2708,"kali_year":5129,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2475,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":343.639948,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":4.437048000000004,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.4956},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":341.723448,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":329.010448,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":146.23254799999995,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":29.226947999999993,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":3.7611479999999915,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":278.6091,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":98.6091,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":3,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461858.770833,"kali_year":5129,"ahargana":1873393.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":343.747,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":6.0918,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":22.3448,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.3448},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":6.0918,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.0918},"yoga":{"number":27,"name":"Vaidhṛti","sum_longitude":349.8388},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":3,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.496,"elongation":22.345},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.496,"opposition_distance":157.655}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:34","sunsetLocal":"17:51","solarNoonLocal":"11:43","dayLengthHours":12.294335946429491,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 17 Mins 40 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 42 Mins 20 Secs","moonriseLocal":"06:45","moonsetLocal":"19:27","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:47","end":"16:19","startHours":14.78301302671407,"endHours":16.319805020017753,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:38","end":"10:10","startHours":8.635845053499324,"endHours":10.17263704680301,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:43","end":"13:15","startHours":11.709429040106695,"endHours":13.246221033410382,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:26","end":"08:50","startHours":8.430939454392165,"endHours":8.84075065260648,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:04","end":"06:24","startHours":6.074525064659846,"endHours":6.402374023231299,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:18","end":"12:07","startHours":11.29961784189238,"endHours":12.11924023832101,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:55","end":"04:45","startHours":3.9230162740346843,"endHours":4.742638670463317,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:32","end":"05:34","startHours":4.537733071356159,"endHours":5.56226106689195,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:46","end":"14:35","startHours":13.758485031178278,"endHours":14.578107427606911,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:39","end":"18:03","startHours":17.65659701332144,"endHours":18.05659701332144,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:51","end":"18:22","startHours":17.85659701332144,"endHours":18.368861011089336,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:36","end":"19:21","startHours":17.60659701332144,"endHours":19.35659701332144,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:18","end":"00:07","startHours":23.299617841892378,"endHours":24.119240238321012,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"05:34","end":"07:06","startHours":5.56226106689195,"endHours":7.0990530601956365,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:06","end":"08:38","startHours":7.0990530601956365,"endHours":8.635845053499324,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:38","end":"10:10","startHours":8.635845053499324,"endHours":10.17263704680301,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:10","end":"11:43","startHours":10.17263704680301,"endHours":11.709429040106695,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:43","end":"13:15","startHours":11.709429040106695,"endHours":13.246221033410382,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:15","end":"14:47","startHours":13.246221033410382,"endHours":14.78301302671407,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:47","end":"16:19","startHours":14.78301302671407,"endHours":16.319805020017753,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:19","end":"17:51","startHours":16.319805020017753,"endHours":17.85659701332144,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:51","end":"19:19","startHours":17.85659701332144,"endHours":19.319805020017753,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:19","end":"20:47","startHours":19.319805020017753,"endHours":20.783013026714066,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:47","end":"22:15","startHours":20.783013026714066,"endHours":22.246221033410382,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:15","end":"23:43","startHours":22.246221033410382,"endHours":23.709429040106695,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:43","end":"01:10","startHours":23.709429040106695,"endHours":25.172637046803008,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:10","end":"02:38","startHours":25.172637046803008,"endHours":26.635845053499324,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:38","end":"04:06","startHours":26.635845053499324,"endHours":28.099053060195637,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:06","end":"05:34","startHours":28.099053060195637,"endHours":29.56226106689195,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:34","end":"06:34","startHours":5.56226106689195,"endHours":6.56226106689195,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:34","end":"07:34","startHours":6.56226106689195,"endHours":7.56226106689195,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:34","end":"08:34","startHours":7.56226106689195,"endHours":8.56226106689195,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:34","end":"09:34","startHours":8.56226106689195,"endHours":9.56226106689195,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:34","end":"10:34","startHours":9.56226106689195,"endHours":10.56226106689195,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:34","end":"11:34","startHours":10.56226106689195,"endHours":11.56226106689195,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:34","end":"12:34","startHours":11.56226106689195,"endHours":12.56226106689195,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:34","end":"13:34","startHours":12.56226106689195,"endHours":13.56226106689195,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:34","end":"14:34","startHours":13.56226106689195,"endHours":14.56226106689195,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:34","end":"15:34","startHours":14.56226106689195,"endHours":15.56226106689195,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:34","end":"16:34","startHours":15.56226106689195,"endHours":16.56226106689195,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:34","end":"17:34","startHours":16.56226106689195,"endHours":17.56226106689195,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:34","end":"18:34","startHours":17.56226106689195,"endHours":18.56226106689195,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:34","end":"19:34","startHours":18.56226106689195,"endHours":19.56226106689195,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:34","end":"20:34","startHours":19.56226106689195,"endHours":20.56226106689195,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:34","end":"21:34","startHours":20.56226106689195,"endHours":21.56226106689195,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:34","end":"22:34","startHours":21.56226106689195,"endHours":22.56226106689195,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:34","end":"23:34","startHours":22.56226106689195,"endHours":23.56226106689195,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:34","end":"00:34","startHours":23.56226106689195,"endHours":24.56226106689195,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:34","end":"01:34","startHours":24.56226106689195,"endHours":25.56226106689195,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:34","end":"02:34","startHours":25.56226106689195,"endHours":26.56226106689195,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:34","end":"03:34","startHours":26.56226106689195,"endHours":27.56226106689195,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:34","end":"04:34","startHours":27.56226106689195,"endHours":28.56226106689195,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:34","end":"05:34","startHours":28.56226106689195,"endHours":29.56226106689195,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Vajra","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":3.1287497945074487,"eotMinutes":-5.6201424064016345,"ayanamsa":24.2475}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2085,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmati","saka_samvat":1950,"saka_samvatsara":"Kīlaka","bengali_samvat":1435,"malayalam_era":1204,"nanakshahi_year":559,"lunar_month":"Caitra","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Caitra Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mīna (Paṅkuṇi)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Caitra Śukla Dvitīyā · Vikram 2085 Durmati · Śaka 1950 Kīlaka"},"festivals":[{"id":"mina-sankranti","name":"Mīna Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"मीन सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Pisces; Mīna-māsa begins.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Mīna"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3101-02-18","event":"Kali Yuga Epoch","chart_id":"kali-yuga-epoch","shared_marker":"same Aśvinī","url":"/day/-3101-02-18","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 28, 2028 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 28, 2028 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Śukla Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 05:34, sūryāsta 17:51.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2028-03-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2028-03-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2028-03-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2028-03-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2028-03-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T17:44:08.805Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T17:44:08.805Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T17:44:08.805Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}