{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2028-02-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2028-02-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2028-02-01","date_display":"February 1, 2028 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":2,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461802.770833,"kali_year":5129,"ahargana":1873337.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":287.3859,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":350.0277,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":6,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":62.6418,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.6418},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":350.0277,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.361},"yoga":{"number":21,"name":"Siddha","sum_longitude":277.4136},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":10,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2028,"month":2,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461802.770833,"ahargana":1873337.2708,"kali_year":5129,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2453,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":287.43998799999997,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":345.948688,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.1849},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":297.707988,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":289.98858799999994,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":152.46778799999993,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":327.82368799999995,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":358.161388,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":281.5763,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":101.5763,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":2,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461802.770833,"kali_year":5129,"ahargana":1873337.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":287.3859,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":350.0277,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":6,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":62.6418,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.6418},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":350.0277,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.361},"yoga":{"number":21,"name":"Siddha","sum_longitude":277.4136},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":10,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.185,"elongation":62.642},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.185,"opposition_distance":117.358}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:17","sunsetLocal":"17:25","solarNoonLocal":"11:51","dayLengthHours":11.135143371699016,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 08 Mins 07 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 51 Mins 53 Secs","moonriseLocal":"09:35","moonsetLocal":"21:54","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:38","end":"16:01","startHours":14.627701644881348,"endHours":16.019594566343724,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:04","end":"10:27","startHours":9.06012995903184,"endHours":10.452022880494216,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:51","end":"13:14","startHours":11.843915801956594,"endHours":13.23580872341897,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:52","end":"09:15","startHours":8.87454423617019,"endHours":9.24571568189349,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:44","end":"07:02","startHours":6.740308423261212,"endHours":7.037245579839852,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:28","end":"12:13","startHours":11.472744356233294,"endHours":12.215087247679895,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:47","end":"05:32","startHours":4.791658333213883,"endHours":5.534001224660485,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:21","end":"06:17","startHours":5.348415501798835,"endHours":6.276344116107086,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:42","end":"14:27","startHours":13.699773030573095,"endHours":14.442115922019696,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:13","end":"17:37","startHours":17.211487487806103,"endHours":17.6114874878061,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:25","end":"17:53","startHours":17.411487487806102,"endHours":17.875451794960227,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:10","end":"18:55","startHours":17.161487487806102,"endHours":18.911487487806102,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:28","end":"00:13","startHours":23.472744356233292,"endHours":24.215087247679897,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"06:17","end":"07:40","startHours":6.276344116107086,"endHours":7.668237037569463,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:40","end":"09:04","startHours":7.668237037569463,"endHours":9.06012995903184,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:04","end":"10:27","startHours":9.06012995903184,"endHours":10.452022880494216,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:27","end":"11:51","startHours":10.452022880494216,"endHours":11.843915801956594,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:51","end":"13:14","startHours":11.843915801956594,"endHours":13.23580872341897,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:14","end":"14:38","startHours":13.23580872341897,"endHours":14.627701644881348,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:38","end":"16:01","startHours":14.627701644881348,"endHours":16.019594566343724,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:01","end":"17:25","startHours":16.019594566343724,"endHours":17.411487487806102,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:25","end":"19:01","startHours":17.411487487806102,"endHours":19.019594566343727,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:01","end":"20:38","startHours":19.019594566343727,"endHours":20.62770164488135,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:38","end":"22:14","startHours":20.62770164488135,"endHours":22.23580872341897,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:14","end":"23:51","startHours":22.23580872341897,"endHours":23.843915801956594,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:51","end":"01:27","startHours":23.843915801956594,"endHours":25.45202288049422,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:27","end":"03:04","startHours":25.45202288049422,"endHours":27.06012995903184,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:04","end":"04:40","startHours":27.06012995903184,"endHours":28.66823703756946,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:40","end":"06:17","startHours":28.66823703756946,"endHours":30.276344116107087,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:17","end":"07:17","startHours":6.276344116107086,"endHours":7.276344116107086,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:17","end":"08:17","startHours":7.276344116107086,"endHours":8.276344116107087,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:17","end":"09:17","startHours":8.276344116107087,"endHours":9.276344116107087,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:17","end":"10:17","startHours":9.276344116107087,"endHours":10.276344116107087,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:17","end":"11:17","startHours":10.276344116107087,"endHours":11.276344116107087,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:17","end":"12:17","startHours":11.276344116107087,"endHours":12.276344116107087,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:17","end":"13:17","startHours":12.276344116107087,"endHours":13.276344116107087,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:17","end":"14:17","startHours":13.276344116107087,"endHours":14.276344116107087,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:17","end":"15:17","startHours":14.276344116107087,"endHours":15.276344116107087,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:17","end":"16:17","startHours":15.276344116107087,"endHours":16.276344116107087,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:17","end":"17:17","startHours":16.276344116107087,"endHours":17.276344116107087,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:17","end":"18:17","startHours":17.276344116107087,"endHours":18.276344116107087,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:17","end":"19:17","startHours":18.276344116107087,"endHours":19.276344116107087,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:17","end":"20:17","startHours":19.276344116107087,"endHours":20.276344116107087,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:17","end":"21:17","startHours":20.276344116107087,"endHours":21.276344116107087,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:17","end":"22:17","startHours":21.276344116107087,"endHours":22.276344116107087,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:17","end":"23:17","startHours":22.276344116107087,"endHours":23.276344116107087,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:17","end":"00:17","startHours":23.276344116107087,"endHours":24.276344116107087,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:17","end":"01:17","startHours":24.276344116107087,"endHours":25.276344116107087,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:17","end":"02:17","startHours":25.276344116107087,"endHours":26.276344116107087,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:17","end":"03:17","startHours":26.276344116107087,"endHours":27.276344116107087,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:17","end":"04:17","startHours":27.276344116107087,"endHours":28.276344116107087,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:17","end":"05:17","startHours":28.276344116107087,"endHours":29.276344116107087,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:17","end":"06:17","startHours":29.276344116107087,"endHours":30.276344116107087,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvaja","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-17.279315257585214,"eotMinutes":-13.689348117395623,"ayanamsa":24.2453}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2085,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmati","saka_samvat":1950,"saka_samvatsara":"Kīlaka","bengali_samvat":1435,"malayalam_era":1204,"nanakshahi_year":559,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Śukla Ṣaṣṭhī · Vikram 2085 Durmati · Śaka 1950 Kīlaka"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga February 1, 2028 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"February 1, 2028 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Śukla Ṣaṣṭhī, sūryodaya 06:17, sūryāsta 17:25.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2028-02-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2028-02-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2028-02-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2028-02-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2028-02-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T15:31:04.675Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T15:31:04.675Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T15:31:04.675Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}