{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2026-10-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2026-10-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2026-10-01","date_display":"October 1, 2026 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2026,"month":10,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461314.770833,"kali_year":5128,"ahargana":1872849.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":162.8492,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":38.1879,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":235.3387,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.3387},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":38.1879,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.5213},"yoga":{"number":16,"name":"Siddhi","sum_longitude":201.0371},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2026,"month":10,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461314.770833,"ahargana":1872849.2708,"kali_year":5128,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2267,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":163.659133,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":40.263233000000014,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.4996},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":97.14933300000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":186.11893299999997,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":115.161133,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":193.91213300000004,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":347.388833,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":307.4328,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":127.4328,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2026,"month":10,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461314.770833,"kali_year":5128,"ahargana":1872849.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":162.8492,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":38.1879,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":235.3387,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.3387},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":38.1879,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.5213},"yoga":{"number":16,"name":"Siddhi","sum_longitude":201.0371},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.5,"elongation":124.661},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.5,"opposition_distance":55.339}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-20,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-1.193,"elongation":0.557}]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:27","sunsetLocal":"17:24","solarNoonLocal":"11:26","dayLengthHours":11.946724873887703,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 56 Mins 48 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 03 Mins 12 Secs","moonriseLocal":"20:33","moonsetLocal":"09:52","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:55","end":"14:25","startHours":12.922971206126224,"endHours":14.416311815362185,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"05:27","end":"06:57","startHours":5.456268159946409,"endHours":6.949608769182372,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"08:27","end":"09:56","startHours":8.442949378418334,"endHours":9.936289987654298,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:15","end":"08:39","startHours":8.243837297186872,"endHours":8.642061459649796,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:57","end":"06:16","startHours":5.954048363025063,"endHours":6.2726276929954015,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:02","end":"11:50","startHours":11.031406434427335,"endHours":11.827854759353183,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:52","end":"04:40","startHours":3.863371510094715,"endHours":4.659819835020562,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:28","end":"05:27","startHours":4.4607077537891,"endHours":5.456268159946409,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:25","end":"14:13","startHours":13.420751409204877,"endHours":14.217199734130723,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:12","end":"17:36","startHours":17.20299303383411,"endHours":17.60299303383411,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:24","end":"17:54","startHours":17.40299303383411,"endHours":17.900773236912766,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:09","end":"18:54","startHours":17.15299303383411,"endHours":18.90299303383411,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:02","end":"23:50","startHours":23.031406434427335,"endHours":23.827854759353183,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:27","end":"06:57","startHours":5.456268159946409,"endHours":6.949608769182372,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"06:57","end":"08:27","startHours":6.949608769182372,"endHours":8.442949378418334,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"08:27","end":"09:56","startHours":8.442949378418334,"endHours":9.936289987654298,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:56","end":"11:26","startHours":9.936289987654298,"endHours":11.42963059689026,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"11:26","end":"12:55","startHours":11.42963059689026,"endHours":12.922971206126224,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:55","end":"14:25","startHours":12.922971206126224,"endHours":14.416311815362185,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:25","end":"15:55","startHours":14.416311815362185,"endHours":15.90965242459815,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:55","end":"17:24","startHours":15.90965242459815,"endHours":17.40299303383411,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:24","end":"18:55","startHours":17.40299303383411,"endHours":18.90965242459815,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:55","end":"20:25","startHours":18.90965242459815,"endHours":20.416311815362185,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:25","end":"21:55","startHours":20.416311815362185,"endHours":21.92297120612622,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:55","end":"23:26","startHours":21.92297120612622,"endHours":23.42963059689026,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:26","end":"00:56","startHours":23.42963059689026,"endHours":24.9362899876543,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:56","end":"02:27","startHours":24.9362899876543,"endHours":26.442949378418334,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"02:27","end":"03:57","startHours":26.442949378418334,"endHours":27.94960876918237,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:57","end":"05:27","startHours":27.94960876918237,"endHours":29.456268159946408,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:27","end":"06:27","startHours":5.456268159946409,"endHours":6.456268159946409,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:27","end":"07:27","startHours":6.456268159946409,"endHours":7.456268159946409,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:27","end":"08:27","startHours":7.456268159946409,"endHours":8.456268159946408,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:27","end":"09:27","startHours":8.456268159946408,"endHours":9.456268159946408,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:27","end":"10:27","startHours":9.456268159946408,"endHours":10.456268159946408,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:27","end":"11:27","startHours":10.456268159946408,"endHours":11.456268159946408,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:27","end":"12:27","startHours":11.456268159946408,"endHours":12.456268159946408,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:27","end":"13:27","startHours":12.456268159946408,"endHours":13.456268159946408,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:27","end":"14:27","startHours":13.456268159946408,"endHours":14.456268159946408,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:27","end":"15:27","startHours":14.456268159946408,"endHours":15.456268159946408,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:27","end":"16:27","startHours":15.456268159946408,"endHours":16.456268159946408,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:27","end":"17:27","startHours":16.456268159946408,"endHours":17.456268159946408,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:27","end":"18:27","startHours":17.456268159946408,"endHours":18.456268159946408,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:27","end":"19:27","startHours":18.456268159946408,"endHours":19.456268159946408,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:27","end":"20:27","startHours":19.456268159946408,"endHours":20.456268159946408,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:27","end":"21:27","startHours":20.456268159946408,"endHours":21.456268159946408,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:27","end":"22:27","startHours":21.456268159946408,"endHours":22.456268159946408,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:27","end":"23:27","startHours":22.456268159946408,"endHours":23.456268159946408,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:27","end":"00:27","startHours":23.456268159946408,"endHours":24.456268159946408,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:27","end":"01:27","startHours":24.456268159946408,"endHours":25.456268159946408,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:27","end":"02:27","startHours":25.456268159946408,"endHours":26.456268159946408,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:27","end":"03:27","startHours":26.456268159946408,"endHours":27.456268159946408,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:27","end":"04:27","startHours":27.456268159946408,"endHours":28.456268159946408,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:27","end":"05:27","startHours":28.456268159946408,"endHours":29.456268159946408,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Siddhi","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-3.1281125825172422,"eotMinutes":11.167764186584405,"ayanamsa":24.2267}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2083,"vikram_samvatsara":"Siddhārthī","saka_samvat":1948,"saka_samvatsara":"Parābhava","bengali_samvat":1433,"malayalam_era":1202,"nanakshahi_year":557,"lunar_month":"Āśvina","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Kanyā (Puraṭṭāsi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2083 Siddhārthī · Śaka 1948 Parābhava"},"festivals":[{"id":"kanya-sankranti","name":"Kanyā Saṅkrānti (Mahālaya begins)","name_sanskrit":"कन्या सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Virgo; Mahālaya / Pitṛ-Pakṣa solar marker.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Kanyā"},"precedence":4}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-04","event":"Mahābhārata Day 1 (Bhagavad Gītā delivered)","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Kṛttikā","url":"/day/-3137-10-04","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-3137-12-25","event":"Bhīṣma's Mahaprasthan","chart_id":"bhishma","shared_marker":"same Kṛttikā","url":"/day/-3137-12-25","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga October 1, 2026 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"October 1, 2026 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 05:27, sūryāsta 17:24.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2026-10-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2026-10-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2026-10-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2026-10-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2026-10-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T21:09:16.238Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T21:09:16.238Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T21:09:16.238Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}