{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2026-09-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2026-09-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2026-09-28","date_display":"September 28, 2026 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2026,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461311.770833,"kali_year":5128,"ahargana":1872846.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":159.9043,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":355.9223,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":17,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":196.018,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.018},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":355.9223,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.2557},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":155.8267},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":32,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2026,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461311.770833,"ahargana":1872846.2708,"kali_year":5128,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2265,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":160.71324800000002,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":357.728648,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.3599},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":95.39324799999997,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":182.02544799999998,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":114.61854800000003,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":193.48314800000003,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":347.623148,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":307.5918,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":127.5918,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2026,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461311.770833,"kali_year":5128,"ahargana":1872846.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":159.9043,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":355.9223,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":17,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":196.018,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.018},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":355.9223,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.2557},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":155.8267},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":32,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.36,"elongation":163.982},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.36,"opposition_distance":16.018}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-17,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-1.193,"elongation":0.557}]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:26","sunsetLocal":"17:27","solarNoonLocal":"11:27","dayLengthHours":12.011417861859183,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 00 Mins 41 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 59 Mins 19 Secs","moonriseLocal":"18:18","moonsetLocal":"06:52","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"06:57","end":"08:27","startHours":6.941798476672519,"endHours":8.443225709404917,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:57","end":"11:27","startHours":9.944652942137314,"endHours":11.446080174869712,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:57","end":"14:27","startHours":12.94750740760211,"endHours":14.448934640334507,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:15","end":"08:39","startHours":8.243035411707263,"endHours":8.64341600710257,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:56","end":"06:16","startHours":5.940846988184253,"endHours":6.261151464500498,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:03","end":"11:51","startHours":11.045699579474405,"endHours":11.846460770265018,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:50","end":"04:38","startHours":3.838848862358896,"endHours":4.639610053149508,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:26","end":"05:26","startHours":4.439419755451855,"endHours":5.44037124394012,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:27","end":"14:15","startHours":13.447983151846241,"endHours":14.248744342636853,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:15","end":"17:39","startHours":17.251789105799304,"endHours":17.651789105799303,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:27","end":"17:57","startHours":17.451789105799303,"endHours":17.952264850043434,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:12","end":"18:57","startHours":17.201789105799303,"endHours":18.951789105799303,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:03","end":"23:51","startHours":23.04569957947441,"endHours":23.84646077026502,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"05:26","end":"06:57","startHours":5.44037124394012,"endHours":6.941798476672519,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:57","end":"08:27","startHours":6.941798476672519,"endHours":8.443225709404917,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:27","end":"09:57","startHours":8.443225709404917,"endHours":9.944652942137314,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:57","end":"11:27","startHours":9.944652942137314,"endHours":11.446080174869712,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:27","end":"12:57","startHours":11.446080174869712,"endHours":12.94750740760211,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:57","end":"14:27","startHours":12.94750740760211,"endHours":14.448934640334507,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:27","end":"15:57","startHours":14.448934640334507,"endHours":15.950361873066905,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:57","end":"17:27","startHours":15.950361873066905,"endHours":17.451789105799303,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"17:27","end":"18:57","startHours":17.451789105799303,"endHours":18.950361873066907,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"18:57","end":"20:27","startHours":18.950361873066907,"endHours":20.448934640334507,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:27","end":"21:57","startHours":20.448934640334507,"endHours":21.94750740760211,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:57","end":"23:27","startHours":21.94750740760211,"endHours":23.446080174869714,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:27","end":"00:57","startHours":23.446080174869714,"endHours":24.944652942137314,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:57","end":"02:27","startHours":24.944652942137314,"endHours":26.443225709404917,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:27","end":"03:57","startHours":26.443225709404917,"endHours":27.941798476672517,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:57","end":"05:26","startHours":27.941798476672517,"endHours":29.44037124394012,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:26","end":"06:26","startHours":5.44037124394012,"endHours":6.44037124394012,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:26","end":"07:26","startHours":6.44037124394012,"endHours":7.44037124394012,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:26","end":"08:26","startHours":7.44037124394012,"endHours":8.44037124394012,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:26","end":"09:26","startHours":8.44037124394012,"endHours":9.44037124394012,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:26","end":"10:26","startHours":9.44037124394012,"endHours":10.44037124394012,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:26","end":"11:26","startHours":10.44037124394012,"endHours":11.44037124394012,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:26","end":"12:26","startHours":11.44037124394012,"endHours":12.44037124394012,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:26","end":"13:26","startHours":12.44037124394012,"endHours":13.44037124394012,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:26","end":"14:26","startHours":13.44037124394012,"endHours":14.44037124394012,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:26","end":"15:26","startHours":14.44037124394012,"endHours":15.44037124394012,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:26","end":"16:26","startHours":15.44037124394012,"endHours":16.44037124394012,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:26","end":"17:26","startHours":16.44037124394012,"endHours":17.44037124394012,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:26","end":"18:26","startHours":17.44037124394012,"endHours":18.44037124394012,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:26","end":"19:26","startHours":18.44037124394012,"endHours":19.44037124394012,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:26","end":"20:26","startHours":19.44037124394012,"endHours":20.44037124394012,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:26","end":"21:26","startHours":20.44037124394012,"endHours":21.44037124394012,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:26","end":"22:26","startHours":21.44037124394012,"endHours":22.44037124394012,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:26","end":"23:26","startHours":22.44037124394012,"endHours":23.44037124394012,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:26","end":"00:26","startHours":23.44037124394012,"endHours":24.44037124394012,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:26","end":"01:26","startHours":24.44037124394012,"endHours":25.44037124394012,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:26","end":"02:26","startHours":25.44037124394012,"endHours":26.44037124394012,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:26","end":"03:26","startHours":26.44037124394012,"endHours":27.44037124394012,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:26","end":"04:26","startHours":27.44037124394012,"endHours":28.44037124394012,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:26","end":"05:26","startHours":28.44037124394012,"endHours":29.44037124394012,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhūmra","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-1.9626489001724525,"eotMinutes":10.180789507817288,"ayanamsa":24.2265}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2083,"vikram_samvatsara":"Siddhārthī","saka_samvat":1948,"saka_samvatsara":"Parābhava","bengali_samvat":1433,"malayalam_era":1202,"nanakshahi_year":557,"lunar_month":"Āśvina","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Kanyā (Puraṭṭāsi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā · Vikram 2083 Siddhārthī · Śaka 1948 Parābhava"},"festivals":[{"id":"kanya-sankranti","name":"Kanyā Saṅkrānti (Mahālaya begins)","name_sanskrit":"कन्या सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Virgo; Mahālaya / Pitṛ-Pakṣa solar marker.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Kanyā"},"precedence":4}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 28, 2026 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 28, 2026 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 05:26, sūryāsta 17:27.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2026-09-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2026-09-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2026-09-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2026-09-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2026-09-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T21:19:30.897Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T21:19:30.897Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T21:19:30.897Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}