{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2026-04-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2026-04-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2026-04-01","date_display":"April 1, 2026 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2026,"month":4,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461131.770833,"kali_year":5127,"ahargana":1872666.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":347.2177,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":156.2556,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":15,"name":"Pūrṇimā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pūrṇimā","elongation_degrees":169.0379,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.0379},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":156.2556,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.5889},"yoga":{"number":11,"name":"Vṛddhi","sum_longitude":143.4732},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":28,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2026,"month":4,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461131.770833,"ahargana":1872666.2708,"kali_year":5127,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2197,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":347.110925,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":154.872925,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-1.4731},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":328.51852499999995,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":319.194125,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":81.39372500000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":7.128825000000006,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":341.417925,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":317.1291,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":137.1291,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2026,"month":4,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461131.770833,"kali_year":5127,"ahargana":1872666.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":347.2177,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":156.2556,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":15,"name":"Pūrṇimā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pūrṇimā","elongation_degrees":169.0379,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.0379},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":156.2556,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.5889},"yoga":{"number":11,"name":"Vṛddhi","sum_longitude":143.4732},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":28,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.473,"elongation":169.038},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.473,"opposition_distance":10.962}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-13,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.168,"elongation":1.468}]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:30","sunsetLocal":"17:52","solarNoonLocal":"11:41","dayLengthHours":12.370013996569988,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 22 Mins 12 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 37 Mins 48 Secs","moonriseLocal":"16:49","moonsetLocal":"04:55","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"11:41","end":"13:14","startHours":11.688164935019191,"endHours":13.234416684590439,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:03","end":"08:36","startHours":7.049409686305446,"endHours":8.595661435876695,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:09","end":"11:41","startHours":10.141913185447944,"endHours":11.688164935019191,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:23","end":"08:48","startHours":8.389494535933862,"endHours":8.801828335819527,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:01","end":"06:21","startHours":6.01857518659128,"endHours":6.348442226499813,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:17","end":"12:06","startHours":11.275831135133526,"endHours":12.100498734904857,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:51","end":"04:41","startHours":3.853822737191533,"endHours":4.678490336962865,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:28","end":"05:30","startHours":4.472323437020032,"endHours":5.503157936734198,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:45","end":"14:34","startHours":13.749833934447523,"endHours":14.574501534218856,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:40","end":"18:04","startHours":17.673171933304186,"endHours":18.073171933304184,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:52","end":"18:23","startHours":17.873171933304185,"endHours":18.38858918316127,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:37","end":"19:22","startHours":17.623171933304185,"endHours":19.373171933304185,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:17","end":"00:06","startHours":23.275831135133526,"endHours":24.100498734904857,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"05:30","end":"07:03","startHours":5.503157936734198,"endHours":7.049409686305446,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"07:03","end":"08:36","startHours":7.049409686305446,"endHours":8.595661435876695,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"08:36","end":"10:09","startHours":8.595661435876695,"endHours":10.141913185447944,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:09","end":"11:41","startHours":10.141913185447944,"endHours":11.688164935019191,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"11:41","end":"13:14","startHours":11.688164935019191,"endHours":13.234416684590439,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:14","end":"14:47","startHours":13.234416684590439,"endHours":14.780668434161688,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"14:47","end":"16:20","startHours":14.780668434161688,"endHours":16.326920183732938,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:20","end":"17:52","startHours":16.326920183732938,"endHours":17.873171933304185,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:52","end":"19:20","startHours":17.873171933304185,"endHours":19.326920183732938,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:20","end":"20:47","startHours":19.326920183732938,"endHours":20.78066843416169,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:47","end":"22:14","startHours":20.78066843416169,"endHours":22.23441668459044,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:14","end":"23:41","startHours":22.23441668459044,"endHours":23.68816493501919,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"23:41","end":"01:09","startHours":23.68816493501919,"endHours":25.141913185447944,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:09","end":"02:36","startHours":25.141913185447944,"endHours":26.595661435876693,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"02:36","end":"04:03","startHours":26.595661435876693,"endHours":28.049409686305445,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"04:03","end":"05:30","startHours":28.049409686305445,"endHours":29.503157936734198,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:30","end":"06:30","startHours":5.503157936734198,"endHours":6.503157936734198,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:30","end":"07:30","startHours":6.503157936734198,"endHours":7.503157936734198,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:30","end":"08:30","startHours":7.503157936734198,"endHours":8.503157936734198,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:30","end":"09:30","startHours":8.503157936734198,"endHours":9.503157936734198,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:30","end":"10:30","startHours":9.503157936734198,"endHours":10.503157936734198,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:30","end":"11:30","startHours":10.503157936734198,"endHours":11.503157936734198,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:30","end":"12:30","startHours":11.503157936734198,"endHours":12.503157936734198,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:30","end":"13:30","startHours":12.503157936734198,"endHours":13.503157936734198,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:30","end":"14:30","startHours":13.503157936734198,"endHours":14.503157936734198,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:30","end":"15:30","startHours":14.503157936734198,"endHours":15.503157936734198,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:30","end":"16:30","startHours":15.503157936734198,"endHours":16.503157936734198,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:30","end":"17:30","startHours":16.503157936734198,"endHours":17.503157936734198,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:30","end":"18:30","startHours":17.503157936734198,"endHours":18.503157936734198,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:30","end":"19:30","startHours":18.503157936734198,"endHours":19.503157936734198,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:30","end":"20:30","startHours":19.503157936734198,"endHours":20.503157936734198,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:30","end":"21:30","startHours":20.503157936734198,"endHours":21.503157936734198,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:30","end":"22:30","startHours":21.503157936734198,"endHours":22.503157936734198,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:30","end":"23:30","startHours":22.503157936734198,"endHours":23.503157936734198,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:30","end":"00:30","startHours":23.503157936734198,"endHours":24.503157936734198,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:30","end":"01:30","startHours":24.503157936734198,"endHours":25.503157936734198,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:30","end":"02:30","startHours":25.503157936734198,"endHours":26.503157936734198,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:30","end":"03:30","startHours":26.503157936734198,"endHours":27.503157936734198,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:30","end":"04:30","startHours":27.503157936734198,"endHours":28.503157936734198,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:30","end":"05:30","startHours":28.503157936734198,"endHours":29.503157936734198,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"North-West","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mātaṇga","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":4.481810326221253,"eotMinutes":-4.344296101151456,"ayanamsa":24.2197}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2083,"vikram_samvatsara":"Siddhārthī","saka_samvat":1948,"saka_samvatsara":"Parābhava","bengali_samvat":1433,"malayalam_era":1202,"nanakshahi_year":557,"lunar_month":"Caitra","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Caitra Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mīna (Paṅkuṇi)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Caitra Śukla Pūrṇimā · Vikram 2083 Siddhārthī · Śaka 1948 Parābhava"},"festivals":[{"id":"hanuman-jayanti","name":"Hanumān Jayantī","name_sanskrit":"हनुमान जयन्ती","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Hanumān (Rudra-aṁśa, Rāma-bhakta)","significance":"Birth of Hanumān (Caitra Pūrṇimā tradition; some traditions Mārgaśīrṣa Kṛṣṇa 14).","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":15,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Caitra"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa, Sundara-Kāṇḍa"]},{"id":"mina-sankranti","name":"Mīna Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"मीन सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Pisces; Mīna-māsa begins.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Mīna"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-04","event":"Mahābhārata Day 1 (Bhagavad Gītā delivered)","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Śukla Pūrṇimā","url":"/day/-3137-10-04","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-0562-04-11","event":"Bhagavān Buddha's birth at Lumbinī","chart_id":"buddha","shared_marker":"same Śukla Pūrṇimā","url":"/day/-0562-04-11","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 1, 2026 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 1, 2026 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Śukla Pūrṇimā, sūryodaya 05:30, sūryāsta 17:52.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2026-04-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2026-04-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2026-04-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2026-04-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2026-04-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T09:51:42.741Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T09:51:42.741Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T09:51:42.741Z","pillar_versions":{"BOB-History":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}