{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2025-04-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2025-04-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2025-04-16","date_display":"April 16, 2025 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2025,"month":4,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460781.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872316.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":2.1741,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":218.345,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":216.1709,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.1709},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":218.345,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.0117},"yoga":{"number":17,"name":"Vyatīpāta","sum_longitude":220.5191},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":36,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2025,"month":4,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460781.770833,"ahargana":1872316.2708,"kali_year":5126,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2063,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":2.1061980000000062,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":214.938398,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.9969},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":94.52329800000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":335.3236979999999,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":54.24749800000001,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":330.258098,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":332.13169800000003,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":335.6738,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":155.6738,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2025,"month":4,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460781.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872316.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":2.1741,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":218.345,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":216.1709,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.1709},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":218.345,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.0117},"yoga":{"number":17,"name":"Vyatīpāta","sum_longitude":220.5191},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":36,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.997,"elongation":143.829},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.997,"opposition_distance":36.171}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:16","sunsetLocal":"17:58","solarNoonLocal":"11:37","dayLengthHours":12.69260079130427,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 41 Mins 33 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 18 Mins 27 Secs","moonriseLocal":"20:20","moonsetLocal":"07:16","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"11:37","end":"13:12","startHours":11.615505148056691,"endHours":13.202080246969725,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"06:51","end":"08:27","startHours":6.855779851317591,"endHours":8.442354950230625,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:02","end":"11:37","startHours":10.028930049143657,"endHours":11.615505148056691,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:14","end":"08:39","startHours":8.230811603708887,"endHours":8.653898296752363,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:48","end":"06:08","startHours":5.798063118708901,"endHours":6.136532473143681,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:12","end":"12:02","startHours":11.192418455013215,"endHours":12.038591841100168,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:35","end":"04:25","startHours":3.576857980230654,"endHours":4.4230313663176055,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:13","end":"05:16","startHours":4.211488019795867,"endHours":5.269204752404557,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:44","end":"14:35","startHours":13.73093861327407,"endHours":14.577111999361021,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:46","end":"18:10","startHours":17.761805543708828,"endHours":18.161805543708827,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:58","end":"18:29","startHours":17.961805543708827,"endHours":18.490663910013172,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:43","end":"19:28","startHours":17.711805543708827,"endHours":19.461805543708827,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:12","end":"00:02","startHours":23.192418455013215,"endHours":24.038591841100168,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"05:16","end":"06:51","startHours":5.269204752404557,"endHours":6.855779851317591,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:51","end":"08:27","startHours":6.855779851317591,"endHours":8.442354950230625,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"08:27","end":"10:02","startHours":8.442354950230625,"endHours":10.028930049143657,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:02","end":"11:37","startHours":10.028930049143657,"endHours":11.615505148056691,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"11:37","end":"13:12","startHours":11.615505148056691,"endHours":13.202080246969725,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:12","end":"14:47","startHours":13.202080246969725,"endHours":14.78865534588276,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"14:47","end":"16:23","startHours":14.78865534588276,"endHours":16.375230444795793,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:23","end":"17:58","startHours":16.375230444795793,"endHours":17.961805543708827,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:58","end":"19:23","startHours":17.961805543708827,"endHours":19.375230444795793,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:23","end":"20:47","startHours":19.375230444795793,"endHours":20.78865534588276,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:47","end":"22:12","startHours":20.78865534588276,"endHours":22.202080246969725,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:12","end":"23:37","startHours":22.202080246969725,"endHours":23.61550514805669,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"23:37","end":"01:02","startHours":23.61550514805669,"endHours":25.028930049143657,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:02","end":"02:27","startHours":25.028930049143657,"endHours":26.442354950230623,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"02:27","end":"03:51","startHours":26.442354950230623,"endHours":27.855779851317592,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:51","end":"05:16","startHours":27.855779851317592,"endHours":29.269204752404555,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:16","end":"06:16","startHours":5.269204752404557,"endHours":6.269204752404557,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:16","end":"07:16","startHours":6.269204752404557,"endHours":7.269204752404557,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:16","end":"08:16","startHours":7.269204752404557,"endHours":8.269204752404557,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:16","end":"09:16","startHours":8.269204752404557,"endHours":9.269204752404557,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:16","end":"10:16","startHours":9.269204752404557,"endHours":10.269204752404557,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:16","end":"11:16","startHours":10.269204752404557,"endHours":11.269204752404557,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:16","end":"12:16","startHours":11.269204752404557,"endHours":12.269204752404557,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:16","end":"13:16","startHours":12.269204752404557,"endHours":13.269204752404557,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:16","end":"14:16","startHours":13.269204752404557,"endHours":14.269204752404557,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:16","end":"15:16","startHours":14.269204752404557,"endHours":15.269204752404557,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:16","end":"16:16","startHours":15.269204752404557,"endHours":16.269204752404555,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:16","end":"17:16","startHours":16.269204752404555,"endHours":17.269204752404555,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:16","end":"18:16","startHours":17.269204752404555,"endHours":18.269204752404555,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:16","end":"19:16","startHours":18.269204752404555,"endHours":19.269204752404555,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:16","end":"20:16","startHours":19.269204752404555,"endHours":20.269204752404555,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:16","end":"21:16","startHours":20.269204752404555,"endHours":21.269204752404555,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:16","end":"22:16","startHours":21.269204752404555,"endHours":22.269204752404555,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:16","end":"23:16","startHours":22.269204752404555,"endHours":23.269204752404555,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:16","end":"00:16","startHours":23.269204752404555,"endHours":24.269204752404555,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:16","end":"01:16","startHours":24.269204752404555,"endHours":25.269204752404555,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:16","end":"02:16","startHours":25.269204752404555,"endHours":26.269204752404555,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:16","end":"03:16","startHours":26.269204752404555,"endHours":27.269204752404555,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:16","end":"04:16","startHours":27.269204752404555,"endHours":28.269204752404555,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:16","end":"05:16","startHours":28.269204752404555,"endHours":29.269204752404555,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"North-East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Ānanda","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":10.15441023539169,"eotMinutes":0.015291116598477705,"ayanamsa":24.2063}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2082,"vikram_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","saka_samvat":1947,"saka_samvatsara":"Viśvāvasu","bengali_samvat":1432,"malayalam_era":1201,"nanakshahi_year":556,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_amanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Caturthī · Vikram 2082 Kālayukta · Śaka 1947 Viśvāvasu"},"festivals":[{"id":"sankashti-chaturthi","name":"Saṅkaṣṭī Caturthī","name_sanskrit":"सङ्कष्टी चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Monthly Gaṇeśa vrata.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":19,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Dedicated festival walk for Saṅkaṣṭī Caturthī is not live yet; Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 16, 2025 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 16, 2025 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Caturthī, sūryodaya 05:16, sūryāsta 17:58.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2025-04-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2025-04-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2025-04-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2025-04-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2025-04-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-07-26T09:14:51.781Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-07-26T09:14:51.781Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-07-26T09:14:51.781Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no founder-city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","Divyāṁśa-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}