{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2025-03-26:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2025-03-26","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2025-03-26","date_display":"March 26, 2025 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2025,"month":3,"day":26,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460760.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872295.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":341.5484,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":296.3983,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":27,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":314.8499,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.8499},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":296.3983,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.065},"yoga":{"number":21,"name":"Siddha","sum_longitude":277.9467},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":52,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2025,"month":3,"day":26,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460760.770833,"ahargana":1872295.2708,"kali_year":5126,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2055,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":341.4312,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":294.8733,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.9141},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":87.17250000000001,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":338.9608,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":50.83260000000001,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":336.2819,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":329.6608,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":336.7864,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":156.7864,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2025,"month":3,"day":26,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460760.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872295.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":341.5484,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":296.3983,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":27,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":314.8499,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.8499},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":296.3983,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.065},"yoga":{"number":21,"name":"Siddha","sum_longitude":277.9467},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":52,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.914,"elongation":45.15},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.914,"opposition_distance":134.85}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-12,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.722,"opposition_distance":1.445}]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:36","sunsetLocal":"17:51","solarNoonLocal":"11:43","dayLengthHours":12.244727602633752,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 14 Mins 41 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 45 Mins 19 Secs","moonriseLocal":"03:00","moonsetLocal":"14:14","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"11:43","end":"13:15","startHours":11.720100305973403,"endHours":13.250691256302622,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:08","end":"08:40","startHours":7.128327454985746,"endHours":8.658918405314964,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:11","end":"11:43","startHours":10.189509355644184,"endHours":11.720100305973403,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:27","end":"08:52","startHours":8.454839611937736,"endHours":8.862997198692193,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:06","end":"06:26","startHours":6.1079334880996,"endHours":6.434459557503167,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:19","end":"12:08","startHours":11.311942719218946,"endHours":12.128257892727861,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:58","end":"04:47","startHours":3.965106157638693,"endHours":4.78142133114761,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:35","end":"05:36","startHours":4.577342537770381,"endHours":5.597736504656527,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:46","end":"14:35","startHours":13.760888239745693,"endHours":14.57720341325461,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:39","end":"18:03","startHours":17.64246410729028,"endHours":18.04246410729028,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:51","end":"18:21","startHours":17.84246410729028,"endHours":18.352661090733353,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:36","end":"19:21","startHours":17.59246410729028,"endHours":19.34246410729028,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:19","end":"00:08","startHours":23.311942719218944,"endHours":24.128257892727863,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"05:36","end":"07:08","startHours":5.597736504656527,"endHours":7.128327454985746,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"07:08","end":"08:40","startHours":7.128327454985746,"endHours":8.658918405314964,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"08:40","end":"10:11","startHours":8.658918405314964,"endHours":10.189509355644184,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:11","end":"11:43","startHours":10.189509355644184,"endHours":11.720100305973403,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"11:43","end":"13:15","startHours":11.720100305973403,"endHours":13.250691256302622,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:15","end":"14:47","startHours":13.250691256302622,"endHours":14.78128220663184,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"14:47","end":"16:19","startHours":14.78128220663184,"endHours":16.31187315696106,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:19","end":"17:51","startHours":16.31187315696106,"endHours":17.84246410729028,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:51","end":"19:19","startHours":17.84246410729028,"endHours":19.31187315696106,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:19","end":"20:47","startHours":19.31187315696106,"endHours":20.781282206631843,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:47","end":"22:15","startHours":20.781282206631843,"endHours":22.250691256302623,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:15","end":"23:43","startHours":22.250691256302623,"endHours":23.720100305973403,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"23:43","end":"01:11","startHours":23.720100305973403,"endHours":25.189509355644184,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:11","end":"02:40","startHours":25.189509355644184,"endHours":26.658918405314964,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"02:40","end":"04:08","startHours":26.658918405314964,"endHours":28.128327454985747,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"04:08","end":"05:36","startHours":28.128327454985747,"endHours":29.597736504656528,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:36","end":"06:36","startHours":5.597736504656527,"endHours":6.597736504656527,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:36","end":"07:36","startHours":6.597736504656527,"endHours":7.597736504656527,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:36","end":"08:36","startHours":7.597736504656527,"endHours":8.597736504656528,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:36","end":"09:36","startHours":8.597736504656528,"endHours":9.597736504656528,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:36","end":"10:36","startHours":9.597736504656528,"endHours":10.597736504656528,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:36","end":"11:36","startHours":10.597736504656528,"endHours":11.597736504656528,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:36","end":"12:36","startHours":11.597736504656528,"endHours":12.597736504656528,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:36","end":"13:36","startHours":12.597736504656528,"endHours":13.597736504656528,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:36","end":"14:36","startHours":13.597736504656528,"endHours":14.597736504656528,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:36","end":"15:36","startHours":14.597736504656528,"endHours":15.597736504656528,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:36","end":"16:36","startHours":15.597736504656528,"endHours":16.597736504656528,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:36","end":"17:36","startHours":16.597736504656528,"endHours":17.597736504656528,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:36","end":"18:36","startHours":17.597736504656528,"endHours":18.597736504656528,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:36","end":"19:36","startHours":18.597736504656528,"endHours":19.597736504656528,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:36","end":"20:36","startHours":19.597736504656528,"endHours":20.597736504656528,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:36","end":"21:36","startHours":20.597736504656528,"endHours":21.597736504656528,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:36","end":"22:36","startHours":21.597736504656528,"endHours":22.597736504656528,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:36","end":"23:36","startHours":22.597736504656528,"endHours":23.597736504656528,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:36","end":"00:36","startHours":23.597736504656528,"endHours":24.597736504656528,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:36","end":"01:36","startHours":24.597736504656528,"endHours":25.597736504656528,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:36","end":"02:36","startHours":25.597736504656528,"endHours":26.597736504656528,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:36","end":"03:36","startHours":26.597736504656528,"endHours":27.597736504656528,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:36","end":"04:36","startHours":27.597736504656528,"endHours":28.597736504656528,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:36","end":"05:36","startHours":28.597736504656528,"endHours":29.597736504656528,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvaja","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":2.238853674848719,"eotMinutes":-6.260418358404147,"ayanamsa":24.2055}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2082,"vikram_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","saka_samvat":1947,"saka_samvatsara":"Viśvāvasu","bengali_samvat":1432,"malayalam_era":1201,"nanakshahi_year":556,"lunar_month":"Caitra","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Caitra Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_amanta":"Phālguna","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mīna (Paṅkuṇi)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Caitra Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī · Vikram 2082 Kālayukta · Śaka 1947 Viśvāvasu"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 26, 2025 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 26, 2025 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī, sūryodaya 05:36, sūryāsta 17:51.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2025-03-26","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2025-03-26","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2025-03-26","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2025-03-26","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2025-03-26"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-07-26T08:45:20.582Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-07-26T08:45:20.582Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-07-26T08:45:20.582Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no founder-city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","Divyāṁśa-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}