{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2025-03-04:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2025-03-04","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2025-03-04","date_display":"March 4, 2025 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2025,"month":3,"day":4,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460738.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872273.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":319.6102,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":11.7627,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":52.1525,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.1525},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":11.7627,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.7627},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":331.3729},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":8,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2025,"month":3,"day":4,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460738.770833,"ahargana":1872273.2708,"kali_year":5126,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2046,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":319.50804100000005,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":14.608541000000002,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.5022},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":82.813941,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":336.402441,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":48.27404100000001,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":346.272241,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":326.956541,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":337.9521,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":157.9521,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2025,"month":3,"day":4,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460738.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872273.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":319.6102,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":11.7627,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":52.1525,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.1525},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":11.7627,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.7627},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":331.3729},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":8,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.502,"elongation":52.153},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.502,"opposition_distance":127.847}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":10,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.722,"opposition_distance":1.445}]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:56","sunsetLocal":"17:42","solarNoonLocal":"11:49","dayLengthHours":11.764145727282655,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 45 Mins 51 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 14 Mins 09 Secs","moonriseLocal":"09:03","moonsetLocal":"21:57","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:46","end":"16:14","startHours":14.764238431941571,"endHours":16.234756647851903,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:53","end":"10:21","startHours":8.882165568300243,"endHours":10.352683784210576,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:49","end":"13:18","startHours":11.823202000120908,"endHours":13.29372021603124,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:41","end":"09:05","startHours":8.686096472845533,"endHours":9.078234663754955,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:26","end":"06:45","startHours":6.431301875116357,"endHours":6.7450124278438945,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:26","end":"12:13","startHours":11.431063809211485,"endHours":12.21534019103033,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:22","end":"05:09","startHours":4.372576372841893,"endHours":5.156852754660736,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:58","end":"05:56","startHours":4.960783659206025,"endHours":5.94112913647958,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:47","end":"14:34","startHours":13.783892954668016,"endHours":14.568169336486859,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:30","end":"17:54","startHours":17.505274863762235,"endHours":17.905274863762234,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:42","end":"18:12","startHours":17.705274863762234,"endHours":18.19544760239901,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:27","end":"19:12","startHours":17.455274863762234,"endHours":19.205274863762234,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:26","end":"00:13","startHours":23.431063809211487,"endHours":24.21534019103033,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"05:56","end":"07:25","startHours":5.94112913647958,"endHours":7.411647352389911,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:25","end":"08:53","startHours":7.411647352389911,"endHours":8.882165568300243,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:53","end":"10:21","startHours":8.882165568300243,"endHours":10.352683784210576,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:21","end":"11:49","startHours":10.352683784210576,"endHours":11.823202000120908,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:49","end":"13:18","startHours":11.823202000120908,"endHours":13.29372021603124,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:18","end":"14:46","startHours":13.29372021603124,"endHours":14.764238431941571,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:46","end":"16:14","startHours":14.764238431941571,"endHours":16.234756647851903,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:14","end":"17:42","startHours":16.234756647851903,"endHours":17.705274863762234,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:42","end":"19:14","startHours":17.705274863762234,"endHours":19.234756647851903,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:14","end":"20:46","startHours":19.234756647851903,"endHours":20.76423843194157,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:46","end":"22:18","startHours":20.76423843194157,"endHours":22.29372021603124,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:18","end":"23:49","startHours":22.29372021603124,"endHours":23.823202000120908,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:49","end":"01:21","startHours":23.823202000120908,"endHours":25.352683784210576,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:21","end":"02:53","startHours":25.352683784210576,"endHours":26.882165568300245,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:53","end":"04:25","startHours":26.882165568300245,"endHours":28.411647352389913,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:25","end":"05:56","startHours":28.411647352389913,"endHours":29.94112913647958,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:56","end":"06:56","startHours":5.94112913647958,"endHours":6.94112913647958,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:56","end":"07:56","startHours":6.94112913647958,"endHours":7.94112913647958,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:56","end":"08:56","startHours":7.94112913647958,"endHours":8.94112913647958,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:56","end":"09:56","startHours":8.94112913647958,"endHours":9.94112913647958,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:56","end":"10:56","startHours":9.94112913647958,"endHours":10.94112913647958,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:56","end":"11:56","startHours":10.94112913647958,"endHours":11.94112913647958,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:56","end":"12:56","startHours":11.94112913647958,"endHours":12.94112913647958,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:56","end":"13:56","startHours":12.94112913647958,"endHours":13.94112913647958,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:56","end":"14:56","startHours":13.94112913647958,"endHours":14.94112913647958,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:56","end":"15:56","startHours":14.94112913647958,"endHours":15.94112913647958,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:56","end":"16:56","startHours":15.94112913647958,"endHours":16.94112913647958,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:56","end":"17:56","startHours":16.94112913647958,"endHours":17.94112913647958,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:56","end":"18:56","startHours":17.94112913647958,"endHours":18.94112913647958,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:56","end":"19:56","startHours":18.94112913647958,"endHours":19.94112913647958,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:56","end":"20:56","startHours":19.94112913647958,"endHours":20.94112913647958,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:56","end":"21:56","startHours":20.94112913647958,"endHours":21.94112913647958,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:56","end":"22:56","startHours":21.94112913647958,"endHours":22.94112913647958,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:56","end":"23:56","startHours":22.94112913647958,"endHours":23.94112913647958,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:56","end":"00:56","startHours":23.94112913647958,"endHours":24.94112913647958,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:56","end":"01:56","startHours":24.94112913647958,"endHours":25.94112913647958,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:56","end":"02:56","startHours":25.94112913647958,"endHours":26.94112913647958,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:56","end":"03:56","startHours":26.94112913647958,"endHours":27.94112913647958,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:56","end":"04:56","startHours":27.94112913647958,"endHours":28.94112913647958,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:56","end":"05:56","startHours":28.94112913647958,"endHours":29.94112913647958,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Vajra","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-6.404445373508396,"eotMinutes":-12.446520007254474,"ayanamsa":24.2046}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2082,"vikram_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","saka_samvat":1947,"saka_samvatsara":"Viśvāvasu","bengali_samvat":1432,"malayalam_era":1201,"nanakshahi_year":556,"lunar_month":"Phālguna","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Phālguna Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Kumbha (Māsi)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Phālguna Śukla Pañcamī · Vikram 2082 Kālayukta · Śaka 1947 Viśvāvasu"},"festivals":[{"id":"kumbha-sankranti","name":"Kumbha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"कुम्भ सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aquarius; Kumbha-māsa begins.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Kumbha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3101-02-18","event":"Kali Yuga Epoch","chart_id":"kali-yuga-epoch","shared_marker":"same Aśvinī","url":"/day/-3101-02-18","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 4, 2025 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 4, 2025 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Śukla Pañcamī, sūryodaya 05:56, sūryāsta 17:42.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2025-03-04","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2025-03-04","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2025-03-04","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2025-03-04","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2025-03-04"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T21:43:10.976Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T21:43:10.976Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T21:43:10.976Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}